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Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the Bush administration has embarked on an anti-trafficking cause, distributing more than $100 million to fight trafficking, including major grants to Evangelical groups. The State Department generates an annual Trafficking in Persons Report, which tracks U.S. and foreign reductions in trafficking. Countries are ranked by how much importing and exporting of trafficking victims is believed to occur within their borders. A three-tier classification is used to categorize each country: Tier 3 denotes countries with the poorest track records, Tier 2 refers to countries with borderline records, and Tier 1 is reserved for countries that are in line with the U.S. recommendations.

Some researchers criticize the Bush administration for placing certain countries on Tier 3 status only to fit its own larger foreign policy goals. Many also point out that the United States, as the major donor nation, forces other countries to crack down on brothels and prostitutes and formulate additional criminal laws against not only sex trafficking but against prostitution in general.

U.S. reports and policy documents brand sex trafficking with three characteristics. These include the brothel as prison, the female as victim, and rescuers as heroes. Some U.S. human rights organizations stretch beyond child exploitation and urge legislation criminalizing non-procreative sex and sex work in an attempt to save women. By emphasizing prostitution as a moral issue and emphasizing protection of women, critics claim such actions negate women's autonomy and the empowerment that comes through their sex work by providing income and labor. Thus these organizations criticize the Bush administration's seemingly inconsistent attempt to combat worldwide sex trafficking while at the same time refusing to support women's reproductive rights. For instance, condom use is not promoted as an effective contraceptive or disease-preventing tool. Critics argue that the Bush administration's endeavors to fight prostitution under the pretext of preventing sexual slavery are, in effect, endeavors to police non-procreative sex on a global level.

Bibliography:

1) Sanghera, Jyoti. 2005. "Unpacking the Trafficking Discourse." Pp. 3-24 in Trafficking and Prostitution Reconsidered: New Perspectives on Migration, Sex Work, and Human Rights, edited by K. Kempadoo, J. Sanhera, and B. Pattanaik. Boulder, CO: Paradigm.

2) Soderlund, Gretchen. 2005. "Running from the Rescuers: New U.S. Crusades against Sex Trafficking and the Rhetoric of Abolition." National Women's Studies Association Journal 17(Fall):64-87.

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