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Born in Sioux City, Iowa, Harry Hopkins traveled far from his background as the son of a rural harness maker when he became an innovative and influential social worker in New York City during the 1920s. In 1931, during the Depression, then governor of New York Franklin Delano Roosevelt appointed Hopkins executive director (later chairman) of the New York State Temporary Emergency Relief Administration, a relief agency Governor Roosevelt had created. Greatly impressed by Hopkins, FDR established a close working relationship with him, and when Roosevelt was elected to the presidency, he took Hopkins with him as the first director of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration.

A crusading liberal, Hopkins encouraged FDR to introduce a wide range of relief and reform programs, including, most important, the Works Progress (later renamed Work Projects) Administration (WPA), of which he became director. Under Hopkins's leadership, the WPA quickly evolved into a massive and massively ambitious program. In the meantime, Hopkins himself became an increasingly influential adviser to the president, who appointed him secretary of commerce in 1938. Afflicted by poor health, including stomach cancer, Hopkins tempered his personal political ambitions and threw himself even more vigorously into the role of adviser and confidant.

After FDR was elected to his third term in 1940, Hopkins resigned as secretary of commerce but continued in his advisory role. With the commencement of World War II, while the United States maintained its official neutrality, FDR called on Hopkins to be his eyes and ears in London and Moscow. It was to a significant degree Hopkins's strong personal impression of the character and resolve of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill that moved him to recommend to Roosevelt that the British be given every support possible (short of an outright declaration of war). Hopkins was instrumental in fostering the close personal and political relationship between FDR and Churchill and was thus instrumental in creating the Anglo-American alliance essential to victory in the war.

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