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One of the giants of British history, world history, and the 20th century, Winston Churchill was prime minister of Great Britain through most of World War II and led the transformation of his nation's darkest days into what he himself called its "finest hour." He also became one of the war's most distinguished historians.

The son of Lord Randolph Churchill (descended from the first duke of Marlborough) and Jennie Jerome, an American, Winston Churchill was packed off to Harrow School, where he compiled a miserable academic record and, after graduation, eschewed the university education that befitted his aristocratic station. Instead of enrolling at Oxford or Cambridge, as was expected of him, he chose Sandhurst, the British military academy, from which he graduated in 1894 with a commission in the 4th Hussars. Almost at the outset of his military career, Churchill took a two-month leave in 1895 to cover unrest in Cuba as a war correspondent. This assignment completed, he returned to his regiment and was dispatched with it to India, where he served in the Malakand expedition to the Northwest Frontier during 1897. While on active duty, he continued to write as a war correspondent and published the first of his many distinguished historical works, The Malakand Field Force.

In 1898, while serving in Lord Horatio Kitchener's expedition into the Sudan, Churchill rode in the charge of the 21st Lancers at the Battle of Omdurman and, afterward, published a two-volume account of the British army's Sudanese experience in The River War, which appeared in 1899, the same year in which Churchill resigned his army commission to enter politics. Defeated in his first bid for Parliament, he took up journalism once again, sailing to South Africa on assignment for the Morning Post to cover the Second Boer War. Always eager to put himself in danger, Churchill was captured by the Boers but managed an escape so daring that he instantly became a world celebrity. This feat also made him a popular hero at home, and in 1900 he was elected to Parliament as a Conservative. . .

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