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A native of Fredericksburg, Texas, Nimitz enrolled in the U.S. Naval Academy in 1901 and graduated in 1905. He was commissioned an ensign while serving on the China station in 1907 and then served on the submarine Plunger. Promoted to lieutenant in 1910, he was given command of the submarine Skipjack as well as the Atlantic Submarine Flotilla in 1912. During 1913, he toured Germany and Belgium, studying diesel engines and subsequently supervised construction of the U.S. Navy's first diesel ship engine.

Nimitz was promoted to lieutenant commander in 1916. After U.S. entry into World War I in April 1917, he was appointed chief of staff to the commander of the Atlantic Fleet's submarine division. He served in various posts immediately after the war, then promoted to commander in 1921, attended the Naval War College, graduating in 1923. From 1923 to 1925, he was attached to the staff of the commander in chief, Battle Fleet. During 1925-26, he served on the staff of the commander in chief, U.S. Fleet. After this assignment, he organized the first training division for naval reserve officers at the University of California and administered this program from 1926 to 1929. He was promoted to captain in 1927 and, in 1929, was assigned command of Submarine Division 20, serving in this capacity through 1931.

Nimitz was given his first surface command, of the cruiser USS Augusta (CA-31) in 1933. In 1935, he was named assistant chief of the Bureau of Navigation, and in 1938 was promoted to rear admiral. He left the bureau to command a cruiser division and then a battleship division, returning to the Bureau of Navigation in June 1939 as its chief.

After Admiral Husband E. Kimmel resigned on December 17, 1941, following the Battle of Pearl Harbor, Nimitz, promoted to admiral, was named on December 31 to replace him as commander in charge of the Pacific fleet. Nimitz extensively reorganized Hawaiian defenses and directed the rebuilding of the shattered Pacific fleet. On March 30, 1942, he took unified command of all U.S. naval, sea, and air forces in the Pacific Ocean Area.

Acting on superb naval intelligence, Nimitz had overall command of operations that checked Japanese operations against Port Moresby at the Battle of the Coral Sea on May 7-8, 1942. He was instrumental in the great victory at the Battle of Midway (June 2-6, 1942), which turned the tide of the Pacific war. With Douglas MacArthur, Nimitz formulated the Allied island-hopping strategy, which played a key role in Pacific victory. . .

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