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Public smoking bans date all the way back to 1590, when Pope Urban VII banned it in all forms (chewing, smoking, or sniffing its powder) on church property, under threat of excommunication. Smoking bans today are public policies, including legal prohibitions and occupational health and safety regulations that restrict smoking in public places. Their aim is to protect workers, citizens, and children from chronic and acute diseases caused by secondhand smoke.

The Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act, passed in 1970, banned radio and television advertising of cigarettes and mandated a stronger health warning on cigarette packages: "Warning: The Surgeon General Has Determined That Cigarette Smoking Is Dangerous to Your Health." In 1972, the U.S. Surgeon General warned against secondhand smoke, but smoking bans in federal buildings and on airlines were not enacted until the late 1980s.

The California legislature in 1994 banned smoking in the workplace and then extended this prohibition in 1998 to all facilities, including bars. Soon thereafter, other states or cities--including the nation's largest city, New York--enacted similar smoking bans. Since then, an increased number of states and countries have been banning smoking in various indoor public sites and workplaces, including bars, restaurants, and social clubs. A total of 35 U.S. states have some form of smoking ban on the books, and the countries of Bhutan, Canada, France, Ireland, Italy, Malta, New Zealand, Norway, Scotland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom are among the countries that have or will have laws enacted and effective by 2008.

Undoubtedly, the laws banning smoking resulted from sustained campaigns by several health and medical organizations. One of these, the Coalition on Smoking or Health, formed in 1982, was a three-way partnership of the American Cancer Society, the American Lung Association, and the American Heart Association to promote national legislation through coordinated lobbying activities on smoking prevention. To focus more sharply on smoking behavior research and interventions, the National Cancer Institute reorganized those efforts by creating its Smoking, Tobacco and Cancer Program. Shortly thereafter, in 1986, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Report claimed that conclusive evidence existed on the dangers of secondhand smoke, especially on the children of smokers. The public has come to accept the evidence; smokers' behaviors continue to change as smokers have become increasingly stigmatized when more citizens demand smoke-free environments.

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