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| You Are Here: Home > Essay Topics > Environmental Issues Essays & Research Papers > Pollution and Contamination |
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|  Essay on The Polluter Pays Principle |
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| The Polluter Pays Principle Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Pollution and Contamination. The polluter pays principle is a moral and sometimes legal principle in which the cost of curtailing and remediating environmental damages is assessed against those who have (knowingly or not) engaged in environmentally destructive actions. Legally, the polluter pays principle is an application of the doctrine of strict liability. This stands in contrast with remediation approaches in which a governmental entity remediates, or subsidizes remediation of, an environmental harm using tax revenues... |
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| Essay on The Polluter Pays Principle » |
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| Argumentative Paper on Environmental Pollution Trends |
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| Environmental Pollution Trends Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Argumentative Topics. The environment is an important part of life that must be safeguarded and preserved in the best way possible, because without it there would be no life. People have always used the environment to advance their own goals, but this can lead to environmental pollution, which in turn affects the world's population. In other words, human beings must be consciously concerned with the environment--whether air, water, or soil--because it affects them as much as they affect it. To assess the health of the environment and the effects of environmental pollution, we must look at the environment's different facets individually and how they interact. Discussing environmental pollution is only one part... |
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| Argumentative Paper on Environmental Pollution Trends » |
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| Essay on Cement, Concrete, and Environment |
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| Cement, Concrete, and Environment Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Pollution and Contamination. Concrete, at its most basic, is composed of aggregates and a binding material (cement). Concrete aggregates are coarse, greater than 4.75 millimeters; fine aggregates are less than 4.75 millimeters in size. Aggregates--which are free of silt, organics, sugars, and oils--include sand, gravel, crushed stone, and iron blast-furnace slag. By volume, they make up about 75 percent of a concrete-cement mixture. The aggregates' size plays an important role in achieving maximum particle packing. Optimum packing... |
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| Essay on Cement, Concrete, and Environment » |
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| Essay on Reducing Nutrient Pollution |
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| Reducing Nutrient Pollution Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Pollution and Contamination. Nutrient pollution is thought to be the most serious problem facing many waterways in the United States. Many scientists think that current voluntary measures are not sufficient to reduce nutrient pollution significantly in areas such as the Gulf of Mexico dead zone. Suggestions for a remedy include a designated federal cap on nitrate emissions for each state, with a provision that would give states the flexibility to target the regions where a reduction in nitrate pollution would have the greatest impact. A cap-and-trade program has been proposed for nutrients. Under this program, the federal government would evaluate watersheds to determine the amount of nutrients that could be released within... |
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| Essay on Reducing Nutrient Pollution » |
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| Essay on Industrial Waste Sites |
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| Industrial Waste Sites Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Pollution and Contamination. At the same time that sewage treatment was becoming more widespread, industrial wastes were becoming more of a problem. Before state and federal regulations were enacted in the late 1970s, most industrial waste was disposed of in landfills, stored in lagoons or pits, discharged into surface waters with little or no treatment, or burned. Waste mismanagement polluted surface waters, harmed ecosystems, and endangered the health of nearby populations. Three major federal laws--the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act; the Comprehensive Emergency Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA, also known as Superfund); and the Safe Drinking Water Act--guide the management of hazardous waste. Industrial waste... |
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| Essay on Industrial Waste Sites » |
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| Essay on A Look At Pollution Problems |
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| A Look At Pollution Problems Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Pollution and Contamination. When determining how to deal with hazardous contaminants, planners try to resolve whether a situation warrants action and, if it does, how much is required. For example, when should a compound no longer be manufactured? How hazardous should a waste disposal site be to warrant being cleaned up? Answering these questions in extreme cases is fairly simple: DDT was destroying the eggs of several species of birds and for that reason was banned for nearly all applications. The Love Canal toxic waste dump was causing disastrous health problems in nearby residents and so had to be cleaned up. But most cases are not so cut and dried, and there is often more than one way to look at many of these situations... |
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| Essay on A Look At Pollution Problems » |
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| Essay on Invasive Species as Biological Pollutants |
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| Invasive Species as Biological Pollutants Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Pollution and Contamination. Invasive species are an enormous problem in some areas, such as the Great Lakes. Over the past 200 years, the rate of species invasion has risen exponentially as people have moved more freely about the planet. For an alien species, the main path to a new aquatic ecosystem is via ship. For instance, the ballast water drawn into tanks in ships to stabilize the vessels contains the organisms that happened to be swimming in the water when it was pumped in, such as plankton, jellies, larval mollusks, and crustaceans. When the ballast water is dumped, the nonnative species (often along with pollutants) are expelled with it. Species can also migrate to new environments while attached to boats... |
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| Essay on Invasive Species as Biological Pollutants » |
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| Essay on Thermal Pollution |
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| Thermal Pollution Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Pollution and Contamination. Just as a car engine becomes hot as it converts fuel to usable energy, power plants and industrial plants generate waste heat. These plants are usually located on waterways because the least expensive way to dissipate waste heat is to use water from a river, lake, or the ocean. Thermal pollution is the introduction of this waste heat into the environment. To cool a plant, water is drawn from the waterway, routed through the area that needs to be cooled, and then returned to the waterway. Estimates are that almost half of all water used in the United States each year is for cooling electric power plants. A 1,000-megawatt power plant heats more than 2 million gallons (10 million l) of water by 95œF (35œC) every hour... |
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| Essay on Thermal Pollution » |
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| Essay on Heavy Metals Pollution |
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| Heavy Metals Pollution Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Pollution and Contamination. Most heavy metals are a natural part of the environment in low concentrations. Iron and aluminum, for example, are important components of many types of rocks, and mercury and lead are spewed out by volcanoes. Plants and animals require tiny amounts of some heavy metals to carry out their life processes. Hemoglobin, the molecule that transports oxygen in the blood, utilizes iron. Many enzymes contain zinc. Other heavy metals required for life processes include copper, vanadium, and cobalt. All heavy metals are toxic to organisms in some quantity. Mercury, lead, and cadmium are not used by plants or animals and are toxic even in minute quantities. Heavy metals that are biologically useful in small amounts... |
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| Essay on Heavy Metals Pollution » |
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| Essay on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) |
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| Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Pollution and Contamination. Man-made organic compounds contained in pesticides, flame retardants, industrial solvents, and cleaning fluids are commonly found in aquatic environments. Although these persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have many uses, some are toxic even in tiny amounts. According to a 2006 report by the World Health Organization (WHO), these toxic pollutants kill at least five million children a year. POPs do not biodegrade or dissipate in the environment. Environmental concerns have caused some to be banned. POPs are extremely effective at bioaccumulation. Animals eat tissues and shells with adsorbed POPs as they descend through the water column or after they accumulate in bottom sediments... |
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| Essay on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) » |
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| Essay on Cancer as an Effect of Pollution |
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| Cancer as an Effect of Pollution Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Pollution and Contamination. Cancer is not a single disease, but a group of more than 100 distinct diseases. The unifying trait of all cancers is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. Although some cancers are treated successfully, cancer is the cause of one in every four deaths in the United States. Nearly 40% of the people who receive a cancer diagnosis succumb to the disease within five years. Chemical or physical factors can cause cancer. Chemical carcinogens include chemical emissions from industry, pollutants from cars and homes, and tobacco smoke. Physical carcinogens include ultraviolet radiation from sunlight and ionizing radiation from X rays and radioactive materials. A number of viruses can cause... |
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| Essay on Cancer as an Effect of Pollution » |
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| Essay on Bioengineered Microbes |
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| Bioengineered Microbes Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Pollution and Contamination. Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, actinomycetes (a type of filamentous bacteria), algae, and fungi grow well in nature and have now been used for remediating polluted soils and water. Of the bacteria, Bacillus and Pseudomonas offer the best attributes for bioremediation. Bacillus and Pseudomonas are both comfortable in a variety of habitats, they grow well in laboratory conditions, and they adapt readily to new environments. Bacillus is prevalent in soil, so it is a useful bioremediation tool for cleaning up the soil, whereas Pseudomonas is a common water microbe and serves as a logical choice for aquatic sites. A Superfund site in New York received treatment in the early 2000s from a little-known... |
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| Essay on Bioengineered Microbes » |
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| Essay on Detoxification Biology |
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| Detoxification Biology Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Pollution and Contamination. Microbes often see compounds that are toxic to animals as an appetizing blend of carbon, cellular building blocks, and substances needed for energy production. When microbes degrade hazardous compounds to safe end products, they are said to detoxify the compounds. Microbial cells use carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other elements in their metabolism, and as a fortunate result, toxic compounds become less toxic. This detoxification takes place because a group of microbes either break apart the toxic compound or rearrange it into a new compound. This process of detoxification is also sometimes referred to as neutralization of the toxic compound. Microbes at the aerated surface of the earth or those living... |
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| Essay on Detoxification Biology » |
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| Essay on Harmful Indoor Chemicals |
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| Harmful Indoor Chemicals Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Pollution and Contamination. Pollutant levels in indoor air are often several times greater than outdoors. Since the passage of the Clean Air Act in 1970, almost every U.S. city's air has become cleaner, but the same cannot be said for indoor air. Indoor air pollution comes from particles, smoke, gases, and chemicals. Nonliving particles may be dusts, fibers, asbestos, and crumbs from cooking, and biological particles consist of molds, pollen, and pet dander. In places where cooking is done by burning dung, wood, crops, or coal, indoor air pollution is a bigger health threat than outdoor air pollution. Building materials can emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs), many of which are associated with cancer in animals and humans and damage... |
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| Essay on Harmful Indoor Chemicals » |
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| Essay on Pollution and Contamination |
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| Pollution and Contamination Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Pollution and Contamination. The terms pollution and contamination are often thought of as having the same meaning. There is, however, a difference between them. Pollution is the presence of any solid, liquid, or gaseous form of energy harmful to biota, or living things, when it is in the environment. Pollution is chemical, biological, or physical. Chemical pollution is from compounds not naturally found in the environment. Biological pollution consists of microorganisms or nonnative plants or animal life. Physical pollutants are ionizing radiation, ultraviolet radiation, or heat (also known as thermal pollution). Some normally harmless forms of matter become pollutants only when they affect animal health. Pollen provides... |
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| Essay on Pollution and Contamination » |
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| Essay on Polluter Pays Principle |
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| Polluter Pays Principle Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Pollution and Contamination. The polluter pays principle is a moral and sometimes legal principle in which the cost of curtailing and remediating environmental damages is assessed against those who have (knowingly or not) engaged in environmentally destructive actions. Legally, the polluter pays principle is an application of the doctrine of strict liability. This stands in contrast with remediation approaches in which a governmental entity remediates, or subsidizes remediation of, an environmental harm using tax revenues. The polluter pays principle likely has ancient roots, as it is simply an aspect of personal responsibility applied to damages done to the environment and to others affected by environmental damage. Plato constructed... |
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| Essay on Polluter Pays Principle » |
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| Essay on Clean Development Mechanisms |
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| Clean Development Mechanisms Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Pollution and Contamination. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) allows industrialized nations to fund climate-friendly development in developing nations. It fosters cooperation between the industrialized and developing world, but by giving industrialized nations credit for their actions abroad, it allows them to do less to reduce emissions at home. Article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol commits developed countries identified in Annex I of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) to reduce their emissions of six greenhouse gases (GHGs). These reduction commitments, termed quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments (QELRCs), are spelled out in Annex B of the protocol. To help Annex I parties meet their... |
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| Essay on Clean Development Mechanisms » |
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