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|  Research Paper on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity |
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| Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, insulin deficiency, and hyperglycemia. Nearly 21 million Americans have diabetes, and at least 54 million people over age 20 reported to have prediabetes. About 151,000 people below the age of 20 have been diagnosed with diabetes. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that more than 180 million people worldwide have diabetes and this number will double by 2030. In 2005, it was reported that an estimated 1.1 million people died from diabetes and 80 percent of diabetes deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Most of the deaths occur in people under the age of 70; 55 percent... |
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| Research Paper on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity » |
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| Research Paper on Twin Studies and Genetics of Obesity |
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| Twin Studies and Genetics of Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Much research effort and expense is expended trying to find the causes of obesity, both genetic and environmental. Researchers have used one of nature's own experiments, the phenomenon of twin births, to derive valuable evidence that has informed our understanding of the causes of obesity. The study of twins has played a vital part in quantitating the heritable influences on obesity and explains how this naturally occurring human model has helped researchers detect and quantify the effect of environmental influences independent of genetic factors. Twin studies play a part in understanding causation of obesity and in improving efficiency in the hunt for gene loci (sites). When many... |
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| Research Paper on Twin Studies and Genetics of Obesity » |
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| Research Paper on Treatment Centers for Eating Disorders |
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| Treatment Centers for Eating Disorders Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Services for treating eating disorders range on a continuum of intensity from inpatient hospitalization to residential care to partial hospitalization programs to varying levels of outpatient treatment. Decisions about the best treatment setting in which to manage a person with an eating disorder depend on the nature of the disorder, the level of risk, physical and psychological complications, and patient preference. There is evidence that those with eating disorders have better outcomes when treated in specialized eating disorder facilities where staff has experience and expertise in treating eating disorders. Major deterrents in selecting the most appropriate treatment include... |
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| Research Paper on Treatment Centers for Eating Disorders » |
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| Research Paper on Translational Research of Obesity |
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| Translational Research of Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Translational Research can be defined as the process by which discoveries made at the molecular or cellular level in basic scientific research are applied, or translated, into diagnostic tests or therapies for the purpose of identifying, preventing, or treating disease. Successful translational research depends on the cooperation of multidisciplinary teams consisting of basic and clinical researchers, healthcare providers, community members, and other agency partners. Translational research is a key component of national obesity prevention and treatment initiatives, such as those supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). There are two distinct segments, or phases... |
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| Research Paper on Translational Research of Obesity » |
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| Research Paper on Toxic Environment and Obesogenic Surroundings |
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| Toxic Environment and Obesogenic Surroundings Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Psychologist Kelly Brownell coined the term toxic environment in 1994 to describe the obesigenic effects of our physical surroundings. Brownell argued that despite promising advances in our understanding of biological risk factors for overweight, the precipitous increase in obesity at the population level has occurred so quickly that it cannot be attributed solely to genetic factors. Instead, he proposed that the most straightforward explanation for the upsurge of obesity in the last decades of the 20th century is that the modern environment systematically promotes the consumption of unhealthy foods and discourages physical activity. The toxic environment provides a parsimonious... |
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| Research Paper on Toxic Environment and Obesogenic Surroundings » |
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| Research Paper on Thyroid Gland Medications in Obesity |
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| Thyroid Gland Medications in Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormone, an important regulator of the body's metabolism and a wide array of other functions. There are two basic forms of thyroid disease: overproduction or release of thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism) and underproduction or release of it (hypothyroidism). Despite the widespread belief that most cases of obesity are caused by having thyroid problems, particularly hypothyroidism, true cases of thyroid problems are rare, and do not explain the majority of obese individuals. However, in rare cases, hypothyroidism can result in weight gain, and potentially obesity. The underlying causes and consequences of the two are quite different, as are the medications... |
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| Research Paper on Thyroid Gland Medications in Obesity » |
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| Research Paper on Thrifty Gene Hypothesis and Obesity |
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| Thrifty Gene Hypothesis and Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. The thrifty gene hypothesis is the idea that humans can efficiently store nutrients that were limited in supply 10,000-15,000 years ago (known as the Paleolithic era) and that this increased efficiency in storage is related to many of the metabolic problems observed today. This hypothesis was first proposed by James Neel in 1962. Unfortunately, it takes a significant amount of time for genes to evolve into more desirable traits (approximately 5,000-10,000 years). Therefore, our current genetic information is helpful for an environment which no longer exists. One component of the thrifty gene hypothesis is the ability of humans to store fat very efficiently. The idea is that during the Paleolithic... |
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| Research Paper on Thrifty Gene Hypothesis and Obesity » |
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| Research Paper on Television Watching and Obesity |
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| Television Watching and Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Television watching is a popular leisure-time activity in all but the most remote areas of the world. In fact, watching television is often the most time-consuming leisure activity of people of all ages and nationalities. Those living in developed countries watch an average of approximately 3 hours of television each day. In addition to its entertainment value, television is a primary source of health information. Considerable evidence exists that television is a potent influence on knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and values and its impact may be equal to that of school, religion, parents, or books. Concerns about television watching and the effect of programming are many and have been voiced by... |
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| Research Paper on Television Watching and Obesity » |
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| Research Paper on Taste Aversion Learning in Obesity Cases |
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| Taste Aversion Learning in Obesity Cases Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Taste aversion learning, or conditioned taste aversion, refers to a distaste or repugnance for a particular type of food due to a previous incident or stimulus with unfavorable consequences. Taste aversion learning, which tends to fall in the realm of psychology, can be attributed to certain molecular signaling and physiological pathways. The concept of taste aversion is based on a cause-and-effect relationship; a specific food can trigger memories of illness. In the case of obesity, taste aversion learning is a potentially useful tool for weight control and healthy eating choices. Taste aversion learning is a type of associative learning known as classical conditioning. Classical... |
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| Research Paper on Taste Aversion Learning in Obesity Cases » |
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| Research Paper on Support Groups for Obese Women |
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| Support Groups for Obese Women Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Weight-related support groups for women provide the mutual support necessary for members to achieve compliance with weight-loss protocols and to understand the underlying issues that accompany and exacerbate obesity. The validation and support shared among members assists in the facilitation of personal growth and change in a way that individual therapy cannot. Although experts and professionals can provide support and positive direction, the mutual exchange of information between group members is a powerful experience that can promote positive and lasting change. The strength of support groups lies in the members and their willingness to share their own experiences, challenges... |
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| Research Paper on Support Groups for Obese Women » |
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| Research Paper on Support Groups in Obesity Treatment |
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| Support Groups in Obesity Treatment Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. When referring to the support groups in the context of the obese patient population, support groups should be viewed as support, not therapy. It is helpful to examine the simple definitions of the two words support and therapy. Support is defined as promoting the interests or cause of; to advocate; to assist or help; to maintain. Conversely, therapy is defined as an agency (as treatment) designed to deal with a bodily disorder or to bring about social adjustment as with psychotherapy. Although obese patients may indeed require therapy, the support group setting is an inappropriate forum for such a personal and individualized undertaking. Support groups should be a safe place for patients... |
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| Research Paper on Support Groups in Obesity Treatment » |
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| Research Paper on Dietary Supplements and Obesity |
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| Dietary Supplements and Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Dietary supplements are regulated in the United States as foods, not as drugs. Dietary supplements can be consumed by the obese to supplement a restricted diet, or, more likely, in an attempt to aid in weight loss. Although billions of dollars are spent each year in the United States by consumers buying supplements to aid weight loss, there is little to no scientific evidence at this time that dietary supplements aid in significant weight loss. In the United States, a dietary supplement is defined under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994 as a product that is intended to supplement the diet and contains one or more of the following dietary ingredients: - a vitamin, - a mineral...
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| Research Paper on Dietary Supplements and Obesity » |
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| Research Paper on Supersizing |
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| Supersizing Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. The term supersize entered the American lexicon by way of fast-food restaurants. In an effort to increase sales and profits, many fast-food restaurant chains introduced larger food and beverage portion sizes and packaged them together with other items at prices cheaper than if they were purchased separately. The use of the term undoubtedly increased after the release of the documentary film Super Size Me by director and protagonist Morgan Spurlock. In the film, Spurlock subsists exclusively on food from McDonald's for 30 days. During this time, he consumes an average of 5,000 calories per day and limits his physical activity to walking no more than 5,000 steps per day. As a consequence, he gains 25 pounds... |
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| Research Paper on Supersizing » |
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| Research Paper on Suicidality, Eating Disorders, and Obesity |
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| Suicidality, Eating Disorders, and Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Individuals with eating disorders and weight concerns are at increased risk for suicide and suicidal behavior. Suicide, or the act of intentionally killing oneself, and related thoughts and behaviors are of serious concern, with suicide deaths claiming the lives of over 32,000 individuals annually in the United States alone. Eating disorders and obesity have been linked to depressive symptomology, which is the strongest predictor of suicide risk. Additionally, suicidal ideation, or thoughts and/or plans of killing oneself, suicide attempt, and completed suicide have been found to be associated with weight, body image perceptions, and eating habits. Therefore, risk of suicidal thoughts... |
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| Research Paper on Suicidality, Eating Disorders, and Obesity » |
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| Research Paper on Sugar and Fat Substitutes in Obesity Treatment |
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| Sugar and Fat Substitutes in Obesity Treatment Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Sugar and fat substitutes are used in foods to mimic the taste and organoleptic properties of sugar and fat, yet provide fewer calories and/or lipid. The development of sugar and fat substitutes has enabled the creation of a wide array of dietetic foods, but the efficacy of these food products in weight-loss programs remains unproven. Research indicates that sugar and fat substitutes, when used to reduce overall calorie intake, produce weight loss in feeding studies. However, in public use, there is limited evidence whether these products actually aid consumers' weight-control efforts. Sugar and fat substitutes are widely accepted by the public and are used by millions of people... |
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| Research Paper on Sugar and Fat Substitutes in Obesity Treatment » |
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| Research Paper on Stroke and Obesity |
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| Stroke and Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Obesity is a condition in which excess fat has accumulated in the body, usually considered to be 20 percent above the recommended weight for height and age. Obesity is seen as a worldwide chronic disease with high prevalence that has been associated with increased morbidity from many conditions including stroke. Obesity is clinically defined as a body mass index (BMI) of between 30.0-39.9; a BMI of 25-30 usually indicates that a person is overweight. A person who is overweight or obese has an increased risk factor for developing hypertension, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, and diabetes mellitus, all of which increase the risk of stroke. Obesity, however, is an important modifiable risk factor... |
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| Research Paper on Stroke and Obesity » |
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| Research Paper on Stress and Obesity |
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| Stress and Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Human stress is the result of too much demand, or strain, on the body. The fight or flight mechanism, where the body chemically responds to a strain by creating adrenalin, glucocorticoids and other hormones that enable extraordinary athletic feats in a time of peril (fight) or rapidly running away from an aggressive predator (flight), is central to the concept of stress. The downside of stress is that it can be linked to health problems and obesity. Historically, researchers posited that stress was the result of the body's attempt to combat strain and maintain homeostasis. The idea was that when the body ran out of the resources to combat whatever strain it was exposed to, it would start to break down and have... |
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| Research Paper on Stress and Obesity » |
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| Research Paper on Stigmas against Overweight Children |
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| Stigmas against Overweight Children Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. One of the most significant consequences of being an overweight child is the stigmatization and discrimination he or she often faces at school, in playgroups and after-school activities, and, at times, in the home. Although the prevalence of overweight in children has increased greatly over the past three decades, the stigma of being overweight has been an enduring part of childhood and adolescence for much longer. This was first brought to light when Stephen A. Richardson and his colleagues set out to look at the stigmatization of handicaps and found that children stigmatized overweight children; they consistently ranked an overweight child as less desirable to befriend than a child with a broken... |
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| Research Paper on Stigmas against Overweight Children » |
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| Research Paper on Obesity and Stereotypes |
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| Obesity and Stereotypes Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Throughout generations, the stereotypes associated with obesity, or merely being slightly overweight, have always taken mainstream positions. The positions, despite always being present, have not always been consistent. Having excess body fat was once desirable, indicating wealth and plentiful food supplies. Today, however, being overweight is associated with images of laziness and poor self-control. Despite the varying stereotypes, obesity is a medical condition and has some well-established physiological disadvantages that do not change with the changing generations. With a general understanding of some of the issues related to obesity, the modern stereotypes can be tempered around the realities of obesity... |
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| Research Paper on Obesity and Stereotypes » |
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| Research Paper on State and Local Initiatives to Prevent Obesity |
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| State and Local Initiatives to Prevent Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. In 1999, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) established NPAO, a cooperative agreement between the CDC's Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity (DNPAO) and 28 state health departments. NPAO seeks to prevent and control obesity by supporting states in the development and implementation of nutrition and physical activity interventions, particularly through population-based strategies geared toward balancing caloric intake and expenditure, increasing physical activity, increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables, decreasing television-viewing time, and increasing breastfeeding. States receive funding at two different levels: capacity building... |
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| Research Paper on State and Local Initiatives to Prevent Obesity » |
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| Research Paper on Soda and Soft Drinks' Effect on Obesity |
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| Soda and Soft Drinks' Effect on Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Beverages are important components of diet and a route for the intake of caffeine, ethanol, and other bioactive substances. Consumption of fruit drinks and soda represents nearly 81 percent of the increase in caloric sweetener intake in the United States. The largest source of these added sugars is non-diet soft drinks, which account for 47 percent of total added sugars in the diet. The term soft drink encompasses sodas along with other sugar-sweetened beverages such as fruit drinks, lemonade, and iced tea. The term soda encompasses sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages such as colas. Consumption of these beverages was shown to increase by 135 percent between 1977 and 2001. In the United States... |
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| Research Paper on Soda and Soft Drinks' Effect on Obesity » |
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| Research Paper on Social Marketing and Obesity |
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| Social Marketing and Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Social marketing involves the adaptation of highly successful commercial marketing principles to promote health by effecting behavioral change in members of a target population. Social marketing is not a theory by itself, but rather draws upon theories and models from the behavioral and social sciences for understanding and influencing human behavior. These theories are useful starting points because the underlying causes of health problems are often rooted in individual behaviors. While the goal of commercial marketing is to generate a profit from the given product or service, social marketing goals are organized around promoting health for the greater good. Social marketing campaigns have... |
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| Research Paper on Social Marketing and Obesity » |
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| Research Paper on Smoking and Obesity |
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| Smoking and Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. There has long been a popular tradition that smoking inhibits eating, and as a result, people who smoke are less likely to put on weight. Consequently, the giving up of smoking is often associated with the person gaining weight. Indeed, in 1964, a report given to the U.S. Surgeon General raised the possibility of cigarette smoking having certain laxative effects on the body which served to counter obesity, and according to some people, therefore counterbalanced the health hazard posed by smoking cigarettes. Some studies have also shown that obese individuals are less likely to smoke than nonobese people. During the late 19th century, it was observed, anecdotally in Britain and the United States, that heavy... |
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| Research Paper on Smoking and Obesity » |
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| Research Paper on Slim-Fast Products |
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| Slim-Fast Products Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Slim-Fast is a line of meal-replacement products marketed to people who wish to lose weight. The first Slim-Fast product on the market was the Slim-Fast powdered shake formula, introduced in 1977 by S. Daniel Abraham. The company Slim-Fast Foods was spun off in 1990 from Abraham's company Thompson Medical, and was bought by Unilever in 2000 for about $2.3 billion. At the time of the sale, the worldwide sales of Slim-Fast products were valued at over $610 million per year. Slim-Fast currently sells food replacement products, including shakes, shake powders, and snack bars under the brand names Slim-Fast, Ultra Slim-Fast, and Optima. Slim-Fast markets a number of products and promotes several diet plans... |
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| Research Paper on Slim-Fast Products » |
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| Research Paper on Sleep Duration and Obesity |
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| Sleep Duration and Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. The modern industrialized society has been experiencing two parallel trends: increasing body weight and decreasing sleep duration. There is evidence to suggest that these seemingly disparate trends are related. Results from both experimental studies and population-based studies point to a strong connection between short sleep duration, weight gain, and obesity. If results from future well-controlled studies continue to support these connections, then public health interventions that address inadequate sleep or poor sleep quality could be initiated to help treat or prevent obesity. Researchers from the University of Chicago found in experimental studies that when normal healthy young adults were deprived... |
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| Research Paper on Sleep Duration and Obesity » |
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| Research Paper on Obesity and Sleep Apnea |
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| Obesity and Sleep Apnea Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Sleep apnea is the temporary cessation of breathing during sleep longer than an interbreath interval. Nine percent of men and 4 percent of women suffer from sleep apnea and incidence is increasing. Sleep apnea can be obstructive (OSA), where the upper airway is closed; central (CSA), where no breathing effort is made; or a mixture of both. There are shared genetic risk factors between OSA and obesity. Apnea is also a part of obesity hypoventilation syndrome, characterized by obesity, OSA, and hypersomnolence (daytime sleepiness). Normally, sleep is associated with pharyngeal narrowing, but factors such as obesity or abnormal anatomy can further narrow or completely obstruct the upper airway. Partial narrowing... |
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| Research Paper on Obesity and Sleep Apnea » |
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| Research Paper on Sisters Together Community Organizations |
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| Sisters Together Community Organizations Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Sisters Together is a coalition of community organizations and residents who came together to encourage healthy eating and increased physical activity among young African American women (aged 18-35) with the goal of helping them to achieve and maintain a healthy weight. It began as a pilot program of the Weight-Control Information Network (WIN), was supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, and was one of ten model programs highlighted in the first Surgeon General's Report on Physical Activity. The original Sisters Together program was based in three Boston communities--Dorchester, Mattapan, and Roxbury--and focused on community partnerships... |
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| Research Paper on Sisters Together Community Organizations » |
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| Research Paper on Sibutramine (Meridia) Medication for Obesity |
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| Sibutramine (Meridia) Medication for Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. While behavioral interventions demonstrate successful weight loss in the short term, the effects are difficult to maintain. Pharmacological treatment has yielded positive results in weight loss and weight loss maintenance. Sibutramine, a beta-phenethylamine that inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine to a very limited degree, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for long-term weight loss for patients 16 years and older. Substantial evidence based on clinical trials lasting six months up to 24 months has shown that doses of 10 to 15 mg/d (i.e., the recommended dose) produced average weight losses of 8 to 10 percent of initial weight... |
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| Research Paper on Sibutramine (Meridia) Medication for Obesity » |
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| Research Paper on Shape Up America! |
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| Shape Up America! Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Shape Up America! is a national educational initiative established in 1994, by former Surgeon General C. Everett Koop, MD, to fight obesity. This 501(c) nonprofit corporation views obesity as a major public health problem. Shape Up America! is determined, according to the mission statement, to increase the public's awareness of the importance of achieving and maintaining healthy body weight through increased physical activity and healthy eating. Shape Up America! has four main educational objectives. - The first goal involves increasing the American public's understanding of healthy weight loss, maintaining the weight loss, and the importance of eating healthfully and increasing physical activity. - The second... |
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| Research Paper on Shape Up America! » |
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| Research Paper on Obesity's Impact on Sexual Health |
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| Obesity's Impact on Sexual Health Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Obesity can impact a person's sexual health as early as puberty. There have been strong correlations between the timing of sexual maturation and a person's body weight, body mass index (BMI), and skin fold thickness. The most common sexual health complaint among obese women is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The severity of the syndrome and the severity of obesity are often directly correlated. Obesity also impacts pregnancy and infertility. Obesity also has an impact of sexual function and dysfunction with obese men reporting more cases of erectile dysfunction (ED) than nonobese men. A major comorbidity that is listed along with obesity is cancer, especially cancers of the sexual organs... |
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| Research Paper on Obesity's Impact on Sexual Health » |
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| Research Paper on Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders |
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| Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. While some research suggests a link between having a history of sexual abuse and developing an eating disorder, the nature and strength of this association is not yet known. For example, some believe sexual abuse is a risk factor of eating disorders, while others assert that sexual abuse is a risk factor of general psychopathology. The role that sexual abuse plays in the development of eating disorders is complicated and a causal link cannot be established; however, various results of research on this topic are discussed. The prevalence of reported sexual abuse in individuals with eating disorders varies widely. Sexual abuse is a difficult subject of study because traumatic experiences... |
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| Research Paper on Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders » |
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| Research Paper on Serotonergic Medications for Obesity |
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| Serotonergic Medications for Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Serotonin, or 5-Hyrdoxytryptamine, 5-HT, is a neurotransmitter synthesized by serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system (brain). It is believed to play an important role in a number of biological processes, including body temperature regulation, mood, aggression, sexuality, and appetite. It is sometimes referred to as the "food and mood" chemical. Low levels of serotonin are symptomatic of a number of psychological conditions, including depression and anxiety disorders. Several obesity medications work by increasing levels of serotonin, as this been shown to reduce appetite and food intake. Several classes of serotonergic medications are available for different indications... |
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| Research Paper on Serotonergic Medications for Obesity » |
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| Research Paper on Self-Esteem in Obese Women |
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| Self-Esteem in Obese Women Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. In a society in which appearance is valued and being thin is glorified, women experience a great deal of pressure regarding their appearance, shape, and weight. Beginning in adolescence, women have been found to be more concerned with their body weight and appearance than men, and researchers have found that women are more concerned with eating, weight, appearance, and have lower appearance self-esteem than men at all ages. Many posit that this pressure must be felt to a greater extent by women who are overweight, and it has been suggested that the self-esteem of overweight and especially obese women suffer accordingly. The widespread stigmatization experienced by obese individuals in general and obese... |
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| Research Paper on Self-Esteem in Obese Women » |
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| Research Paper on Obesity and Self-Esteem |
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| Obesity and Self-Esteem Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Many of those who are overweight and obese suffer with self-esteem issues because of their weight situation. Self-esteem is the experience that one is appropriate to life and to the requirements of life, and the confidence one has in one's ability to think and cope with the basic challenges of life. It is also the value, worth, and respect one pays oneself. Self-concept, in contrast, is the overall attitude about oneself. Self-concept can be thought of as being on a continuum from positive to negative, or high to low. Do you like yourself? Are you a valuable person? Are you satisfied with the way you live your life? When faced with a challenge, are your thoughts positive or negative? Do you believe... |
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| Research Paper on Obesity and Self-Esteem » |
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| Research Paper on Self-Esteem and Childhood Obesity |
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| Self-Esteem and Childhood Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. A close relationship has been documented between weight and self-worth or self-esteem in childhood and adolescence, although the exact relationship is still unclear. Drive for thinness and societal pressure to achieve the ideal but unrealistic body size has reportedly been extended to children as young as 8 years old. Such pressures have caused anxiety regarding body weight in children and adolescents and may influence them to base self-worth on their weight, which may have significant social and emotional consequences. Factors such as weight that influence self-esteem have been found to be critical contributors to a child's all around development. High self-esteem may be an indicator of outcomes like... |
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| Research Paper on Self-Esteem and Childhood Obesity » |
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| Research Paper on School Lunch Programs |
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| School Lunch Programs Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Established in 1946, the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) is a federal program that enables schools to provide low-cost or free nutritious lunches to children who attend participating nonprofit private and public residential childcare institutions and schools. Its provisions supply cash subsidies and agricultural commodities to assist in assuring that healthy lunches are made available to our nation's youth, and that farm food prices are stabilized. The program is administered federally by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) and locally through state government agencies who manage agreements with local school district food program directors and authorities. Participating... |
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| Research Paper on School Lunch Programs » |
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| Research Paper on School Initiatives to Prevent Obesity |
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| School Initiatives to Prevent Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Children spend many hours in school as they grow, giving schools a unique role to play in promoting healthy living. The vast majority of children, almost 95 percent, attend school and school is the most consistent and intensive influence on children outside of the family. Children spend a third of every weekday in school or roughly 12,000 hours by the time they graduate from high school. One important factor in healthy living is maintaining a healthy weight. Obesity rates are rising in children with approximately 30 percent of school-aged children overweight and 15 percent obese. Overweight children tend to grow into overweight adults. Health issues that used to primarily affect only adults... |
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| Research Paper on School Initiatives to Prevent Obesity » |
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| Research Paper on School-Based Interventions to Prevent Obesity in Children |
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| School-Based Interventions to Prevent Obesity in Children Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing throughout the world. In United States, the percentage of children who are considered overweight or obese has doubled, from 15 percent in the 1970s to nearly 30 percent today, while the children who are considered obese has tripled. Obesity poses a serious health threat. There are serious health and economic consequences associated with child obesity. Children who are obese or at risk for obesity have a greater likelihood of being obese in adulthood and developing heart disease, diabetes, and other serious health conditions. Most obesity interventions have taken place in clinical settings. However, schools also provide an... |
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| Research Paper on School-Based Interventions to Prevent Obesity in Children » |
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| Research Paper on Safety of Urban Environments |
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| Safety of Urban Environments Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Personal safety in urban areas is an important concern as people consider whether their neighborhood is conducive to leisure activities. Such leisure activities can include walking, jogging, and bicycling as well as utilizing public recreational areas. Safety in the study of the urban environment and obesity is usually centered on physical activity, namely walking within the neighborhood. There are certain physical and social characteristics of the urban environment that contribute to the safety and thus the walkability (i.e., the ease and convenience of walking) of the environment. Physical characteristics such as well-maintained and continuous sidewalks, accessibility of crosswalks, and traffic patterns... |
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| Research Paper on Safety of Urban Environments » |
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| Research Paper on Safe Play Opportunities for Children |
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| Safe Play Opportunities for Children Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Obesity is the second leading cause of preventable death in the United States. According to the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, obesity rates have doubled among children and tripled among adolescents since 1980, and currently, about one in six children and adolescents are estimated to be overweight or at risk for overweight. Overweight during childhood and adolescence is likely to continue into the adulthood, and these earlier years in life are very important times to establish a healthy lifestyle to prevent obesity and other related health problems. Causes of obesity are multifactorial and complex, ranging from genetic susceptibility to high energy consumption, increasing... |
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| Research Paper on Safe Play Opportunities for Children » |
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| Research Paper on Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery |
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| Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGBP) is an operation that can be used to cause significant weight loss in morbidly obese individuals. This operation is not new and has been performed for weight loss since 1967. However, the last decade has seen explosive growth in all types of weight-loss surgeries going from 20,000 to 30,000 yearly in the early 1990s to over 120,000 in 2006. Most of the growth is attributed to the development, maturation, and application of minimally invasive surgical techniques to the field of bariatric surgery. Numerous outcome-based studies have now clearly shown this operation to be safe and effective for long-term control of obesity along with resolving associated life-threatening... |
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| Research Paper on Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery » |
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| Research Paper on Respiratory Problems in Obese People |
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| Respiratory Problems in Obese People Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Because of the size of some people who suffer from obesity, many have developed respiratory problems. This has been evident throughout history with much of it thought to come from the extra pressure that the weight puts on the person's heart, although it is now clear that it is because of the increased work that has to be done by the lungs of someone suffering from obesity. Medically, this is often because people who are overweight or obese develop a much heavier chest wall, which is more difficult for the lungs to lift, putting extra strain on them. This has often meant that people with severe cases of obesity have trouble undertaking even simple tasks such as walking medium-to-longer distances... |
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| Research Paper on Respiratory Problems in Obese People » |
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| Research Paper on Obesity Effects on Quality of Life |
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| Obesity Effects on Quality of Life Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Scientists have conducted a review of studies to examine the effects of obesity on health-related quality of life and summarize that obese persons report significant impairments in quality of life that worsen with increasing body mass index (BMI), and that obesity has a greater impact on physical functioning than mental health. In addition, this review showed that pain is a particularly important factor in obesity that impacts quality of life independently from weight. Several studies have found that obese people in the general population and clinical samples report impairments in physical functioning (e.g. ease of walking, climbing stairs, physical work, and participation in sports) more... |
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| Research Paper on Obesity Effects on Quality of Life » |
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| Research Paper on Qualifications for Gastric Surgery |
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| Qualifications for Gastric Surgery Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Obesity profoundly affects quality of life, overall health, and life expectancy. Healthcare providers have sought safe and effective nonsurgical treatment strategies, but have had little reproducible long-term success. Surgical treatment for obesity, on the other hand, is very effective for the majority of patients; however, it is associated with significant risk. To determine whether a patient is a candidate for surgery requires a thoughtful calculation of the risk-to-benefit ratio of the procedure relative to no intervention. Several organizations have created criteria for patient selection including various medical societies, the National Institutes for Health, Medicare and Medicaid Services... |
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| Research Paper on Qualifications for Gastric Surgery » |
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| Research Paper on Obesity in Puerto Rican Americans |
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| Obesity in Puerto Rican Americans Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Puerto Rican Americans are people residing in the United States who emigrated from or who have ancestry from Puerto Rico, an island in the Caribbean which is a territory of the United States; therefore, those born in Puerto Rico are American citizens. The largest concentration of Puerto Rican Americans in the United States is in New York City and Florida, although people self-identifying as having Puerto Rican ancestry reside in all states in the United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2003, over 3.8 million Puerto Ricans lived in the United States. Puerto Rican Americans are the second largest Hispanic group in the United States, after Mexican Americans. Information about... |
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| Research Paper on Obesity in Puerto Rican Americans » |
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| Research Paper on Psychiatric Medicine and Obesity |
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| Psychiatric Medicine and Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. The relationship of psychiatric medicine and obesity has become an important topic that goes beyond the implications for physical health in psychiatric patients. Understanding the connection between psychiatric medicine and its metabolic effects may eventually provide important clues about the nature of mental illness itself. The risk for obesity in patients with psychosis has increased significantly with the advent of the "atypical," or second-generation, antipsychotic drugs. Examples of these atypical antipsychotics include clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone. Weight gain is most notable in women, and appears to be caused primarily by hyperphagia (increased consumption of food)... |
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| Research Paper on Psychiatric Medicine and Obesity » |
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| Research Paper on Prevention of Obesity |
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| Prevention of Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Prevention of obesity and overweight has become a major concern of public health officials and policy makers throughout the United States as statistics about the health and financial cost of the obesity epidemic have emerged. State and local panels have convened across the country to devise strategies and develop initiatives to reduce the unhealthy eating patterns and sedentary lifestyles that are widely believed to be the cause of the unprecedented weight gain of the past three decades among American children and adults. In addition to those health initiatives aimed at individual behavior change, policy makers are intervening in both the public and private sectors to address factors in the community, in schools, and... |
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| Research Paper on Prevention of Obesity » |
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| Research Paper on Prevalence of Obesity in American Women |
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| Prevalence of Obesity in American Women Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Obesity has been identified as a public health issue of great concern in the United States with more nearly two-thirds of the population considered overweight or obese. Although obesity rates overall have been climbing at an alarming rate for the last 30 years, they appear to have leveled in the female population. However, over 30 percent of all women in the United States are obese, and factors such as socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity are related to disparities in prevalence, particularly for poor and minority women. Obesity is associated with health risks such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer for both men and women, but women also experience additional health risks and... |
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| Research Paper on Prevalence of Obesity in American Women » |
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| Research Paper on Prevalence of Eating Disorders |
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| Prevalence of Eating Disorders Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Eating Disorder is a general term that describes the numerous types of abnormal or unhealthy eating behaviors experienced by people with and without an eating disorder. Some of the most common disordered eating behaviors include binge eating, chronic dieting and restrictive eating, emotional eating, general overeating, and night eating. Disordered eating is common in community and weight-loss seeking samples of overweight or obese individuals. The purpose of this entry is to provide a general overview of the types and prevalence of disordered eating common to overweight and obese individuals. A brief review of disordered eating in children, ethnic minorities, and individuals of low socioeconomic status is also... |
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| Research Paper on Prevalence of Eating Disorders » |
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| Research Paper on Prevalence of Childhood Obesity Worldwide |
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| Prevalence of Childhood Obesity Worldwide Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Childhood Obesity is a particular public health concern because excess weight in childhood is likely to lead to excess weight in adulthood and raise the risk of obesity-related chronic disease from an earlier age. Overweight children themselves may show the early signs of chronic disease and also suffer psychosocial problems due to their obesity. Virtually all countries with reliable data are showing rising trends in child obesity prevalence, and that in many economically developed countries, excess bodyweight is affecting more than a quarter of all schoolchildren. An ideal measure of body fat should be accurate in its estimate of body fat; easy to obtain in terms of time, cost, and acceptable... |
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| Research Paper on Prevalence of Childhood Obesity Worldwide » |
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| Research Paper on Prevalence of Childhood Obesity in the United States |
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| Prevalence of Childhood Obesity in the United States Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Much like adults, children have experienced a rapid and dramatic increase in the prevalence of overweight during the last 30 years. This change has occurred among children of different ages, genders, socioeconomic classes, and ethnic groups, although certain populations are at higher risk than others. Overweight children have an increased risk of becoming overweight adults, raising concerns about an increased burden of diseases such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension which are associated with obesity in adults. In addition, some of these complications of obesity are being seen more frequently even during childhood. Before discussing national trends, it is... |
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| Research Paper on Prevalence of Childhood Obesity in the United States » |
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| Research Paper on Prevalence of Childhood Obesity in Developing Countries |
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| Prevalence of Childhood Obesity in Developing Countries Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing worldwide. In fact, some argue that rates of childhood obesity are increasing most dramatically in developing countries. The term developing country is defined by the World Bank as low- and middle-income economies, technically those with a Gross National Product (GNP) per capita of less than $3,465. Chronic undernutrition and infectious disease have long been associated with developing countries; however, in recent years many developing countries have shown a concurrent increase in both obesity and undernutrition often referred to as the "dual burden" of malnutrition. Globalization, economic development, and other factors... |
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| Research Paper on Prevalence of Childhood Obesity in Developing Countries » |
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| Research Paper on President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports |
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| President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. The President's Council on Youth Fitness was founded on July 16, 1956 by U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower with the aim of encouraging children to be healthy and active, and reducing the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity. The impetus for the council came from a report which indicated that young people in the United States were less physically it than their European counterparts. Some people had suggested that compulsory military service might encourage more young people to be it, but Eisenhower felt that the schemes to be promoted should be voluntary and should include girls. As a result, on June 19, 1956, Vice-President Richard M. Nixon announced that the council... |
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| Research Paper on President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports » |
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| Research Paper on The Impact of Overweight and Obesity on Pregnancy |
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| The Impact of Overweight and Obesity on Pregnancy Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. The pandemic of obesity affects women of all age groups in the United States. The impact of overweight and obesity on women in the reproductive age group is particularly alarming because of the health risks to the pregnant mother and the baby. Complications such as gestational diabetes (onset of diabetes for the first time during pregnancy), high blood pressure, higher number of cesarean sections, and birth defects in the newborn add to the rising healthcare costs. According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for 2003-04 61.8 percent of U.S. women are overweight (defined as body mass index [BMI] 25-29.9), 33.2 percent are obese (BMI 30-39.9), and... |
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| Research Paper on The Impact of Overweight and Obesity on Pregnancy » |
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| Research Paper on Policy to Prevent Obesity |
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| Policy to Prevent Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Policies designed to prevent obesity are based in a public health prevention model of disease prevention. Unlike public policies aimed at treating obesity (i.e., by reducing body mass index [BMI]), obesity prevention policies seek to stop people from becoming obese in the first place and to prevent people who are already overweight or obese from gaining more weight. Obesity prevention policies tend to focus on changing the "toxic" food and physical activity environment that contributes to obesity, such as making healthy foods less expensive and making it easier for people to engage in physical activity (e.g., installing bike paths for commuters). A prevention, rather than treatment, model for obesity... |
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| Research Paper on Policy to Prevent Obesity » |
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| Research Paper on The Study of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in Pima Indians |
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| The Study of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in Pima Indians Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. The Pima Indians of the Gila River Indian Community in Arizona have very high rates of obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Both genetic and environmental risk factors contribute to the high rates of diabetes in this community. One-half of adult Pima Indians over the age of 35 years have Type 2 diabetes and 95 percent of those with Type 2 diabetes are overweight. Collaboration with the community in understanding the extent and cause of Type 2 diabetes and obesity in this population has been ongoing since 1965. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) has established a branch in the southwest (the Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch)... |
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| Research Paper on The Study of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in Pima Indians » |
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| Research Paper on Physiological Aspects of Bulimia Nervosa |
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| Physiological Aspects of Bulimia Nervosa Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Bulimia Nervosa is characterized by continual binge/purge episodes in attempts to control weight. The American Psychiatric Association outlines the diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa as follows: binge eating with inappropriate compensatory behaviors (vomiting, laxative abuse, overexercise, fasting, with holding of insulin, etc.) occurring at least twice a month for three months. The person must be overconcerned with body weight and shape and have a body mass index (BMI) above 17.5. While a binge is extremely hard to define and may come in the objective (most would agree that the current episode qualified as a binge) or subjective (the person could have eaten a few bites of something... |
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| Research Paper on Physiological Aspects of Bulimia Nervosa » |
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| Research Paper on Physiological Aspects of Anorexia Nervosa |
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| Physiological Aspects of Anorexia Nervosa Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. According to the American Psychiatric Association, the following criteria are used to diagnose anorexia nervosa: body weight under 85 percent of that expected for height (BMI of less than 17.5) accompanied by an intense fear of gaining weight, denial of the dangers and implication of the low body weight, extreme shape concerns, and loss of three consecutive menstrual periods, if menstruation has begun. There is a further breakdown into restricting type (characterized by food restriction) and purging type (characterized by some caloric restriction along with compensatory behaviors such as overexercise or purging, for example, vomiting or laxative abuse). The physiological consequence of the latter... |
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| Research Paper on Physiological Aspects of Anorexia Nervosa » |
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| Research Paper on Physician-Assisted Weight Loss |
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| Physician-Assisted Weight Loss Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. The prevalence of obesity has reached mammoth proportions with over 60 percent of the U.S. population being overweight or obese. It is well known that being obese or overweight increases the chances of developing heart disease, cancer, gallstones, high blood pressure, diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, and arthritis, to name a few. In fact, more than 400,000 annual deaths can be attributed to obesity-related medical conditions. Obese and overweight people are thus more likely to seek medical care and be hospitalized. Physicians who take care of these patients are best suited to motivate, advise, and follow up on weight-loss efforts of their patients. Several weight loss therapies also require... |
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| Research Paper on Physician-Assisted Weight Loss » |
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| Research Paper on Physical Activity Patterns in the Obese |
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| Physical Activity Patterns in the Obese Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. The prevalence of obesity in the United States is rising at the same time that participation in physical activity is declining. Although exercise can reduce obesity, most Americans cannot or will not exercise enough to achieve a normal weight. However, the health benefits of exercise can be achieved without weight loss. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that over 50 percent of U.S. adults do not get the recommended amount of physical activity, while 24 percent get no physical activity at all. It is reported that from 1980 to 2004, obesity increased in adults aged 20-74 years from 15 to 33 percent. It seems the rise in obesity is simply a reflection of our sedentary lifestyle... |
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| Research Paper on Physical Activity Patterns in the Obese » |
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| Research Paper on Physical Activity and Obesity in Children |
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| Physical Activity and Obesity in Children Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. The prevalence of childhood obesity is rising dramatically in the United States as well as in many other countries. Compounding the problem is the fact that children are not as physically active as they were in decades past. Although physical activity has been shown to decline throughout the lifespan, the decline in physical activity is greatest during adolescence. In addition, girls are less active than boys at all ages. Children can benefit from regular physical activity, structured exercise, and specific exercise training regimens. However, the volume and intensity of exercise in which children participate needs to be monitored, because children are at greater risk for musculoskeletal... |
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| Research Paper on Physical Activity and Obesity in Children » |
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| Research Paper on Pharmacological Treatment of Childhood Obesity |
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| Pharmacological Treatment of Childhood Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Obesity is the most prevalent nutritional disorder among children in the United States. The number of obese children has risen significantly over the past two decades, likely due to inactive lifestyles and poor eating habits. Obesity in children is defined using body mass index (BMI), which is a calculation that uses a patient's height and weight to estimate the amount of body fat. After the BMI is calculated, it is plotted on the appropriate BMI-for-age growth chart (chart used differs based on sex and age). Children with a BMI above the 95th percentile are considered overweight. Patients with a BMI above the 95th percentile are considered obese. BMI is used as a screening tool for... |
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| Research Paper on Pharmacological Treatment of Childhood Obesity » |
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| Research Paper on Personal Relationships and Obesity |
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| Personal Relationships and Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Decades of research have documented the ways in which personal relationships, including family ties, friendships, and romantic relationships, can be beneficial to health and well-being. Social networks can provide companionship, foster self-acceptance and esteem, give help and support in times of need, and motivate people to be their best. However, personal relationships can also be sources of negativity through strain, conflict, increased obligations, criticism, and rejection. One may question whether obesity makes any difference in personal relationships. That is, whether obese people have as many personal relationships as others; whether their relationships serve the same functions; whether these... |
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| Research Paper on Personal Relationships and Obesity » |
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| Research Paper on Obesity and Peripheral Nervous System |
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| Obesity and Peripheral Nervous System Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. The Peripheral Nervous system (PNS) connects the central nervous system (CNS) to sensory organs (such as the eye and ear), other visceral organs of the body, muscles, blood vessels, and glands. The peripheral nerves include the 12 cranial nerves, the spinal nerves and roots, and autonomic nerves that are concerned specifically with the regulation of heart muscle, the muscles in blood vessel walls, and other glands. The PNS sends nerve impulses for the periphery and trunk to the CNS in relation to hormonal and homeostatic controls. Indeed, the PNS is crucial in the regulation of energy balance in the body. Obesity concerns the PNS in many facets such as cases of atrophy and necrotic tissue... |
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| Research Paper on Obesity and Peripheral Nervous System » |
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| Research Paper on Peer Influences on Obesity in Children |
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| Peer Influences on Obesity in Children Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Peer Influences may impact the development of obesity in childhood. Peers can exert influence through their attitudes and behaviors toward food, exercise, and weight status in ways which may promote or, alternatively, discourage healthy behaviors related to eating and physical activity. Peer influence is of appreciable importance in childhood and adolescence. Most children spend as much or more time in school and engaged in after-school activities with their peers as they do at home with their family. Peer group has been found to significantly influence many health-related behaviors throughout childhood, such as smoking and sexual behavior. Additionally, children share at least one meal... |
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| Research Paper on Peer Influences on Obesity in Children » |
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| Research Paper on Patient Sensitivity in Obesity Treatment |
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| Patient Sensitivity in Obesity Treatment Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. In dealing with the overweight, obese, or morbidly obese patient, practitioners must be fully aware of the patient's mind-set and the patient's lived experience. They need to be fully cognizant of the many dimensions of this experience, and the depth to which it permeates every fiber, experience, and aspect of the patient's life. Patients with weight issues suffer daily from the culturally and socially integrated biases, stereotypes, and perceptions that label them as unworthy, invaluable, substandard, and defective. Practitioners should recognize some of the more common stereotypes related to people with weight issues: lowered intelligence; socially awkward; less desirable in love relationships... |
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| Research Paper on Patient Sensitivity in Obesity Treatment » |
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| Research Paper on Parental / Home Environments and Childhood Obesity |
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| Parental / Home Environments and Childhood Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. A number of factors related to home and parental environment may have an effect on children's eating habits and consequent weight status. Many studies have demonstrated a significant heritable component of eating habits and body weight. However, changes in population genetics could not occur rapidly enough to fully explain the dramatic increases in rates of obesity in recent years. Thus, environment seems to play a critical role in the development of obesity. Home and parental environment have received much attention by researchers investigating factors related to development of obesity, because it is in the home that most early experiences with food and physical activity occur...
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| Research Paper on Parental / Home Environments and Childhood Obesity » |
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| Essay on Obesity and Weight Discrimination |
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| Obesity and Weight Discrimination Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Not only is flagrant weight discrimination pervasive in many areas of social life, but overweight people comprise one of the few remaining groups still openly ridiculed with little public condemnation for such action. In the past 15 years, numerous lawsuits have attempted to identify obesity as a civil rights issue, citing cases of discriminatory hiring and firing practices, housing violations, and a lack of access to mandatory safety devices and public transit. Some of these challenges have been successful. However, because no federal laws currently prohibit discrimination against the obese, weight-based discrimination continues to flourish. Perhaps the most widely accepted form of... |
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| Essay on Obesity and Weight Discrimination » |
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| Essay on Obesity in the United States |
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| Obesity in the United States Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. The United States is now the fattest country in the world. In July 2007, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that more than 60 percent of U.S. adults and 25 percent of children were overweight or obese, making obesity one of the major health challenges facing the nation. From a medical perspective, those individuals likely to experience health problems as a direct result of excess weight... |
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| Essay on Obesity in the United States » |
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| Essay on Drugs that Prevent Fat Absorption |
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| Drugs that Prevent Fat Absorption Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. New drug targets that prevent fat absorption primarily act by inhibiting lipases in the stomach and small intestine which break down fat into single monoglyceride units which can subsequently be absorbed into the intestinal cells and then be transported to other parts of the body for storage. Its implications in the treatment of obesity have shown that it can function to induce weight loss in individuals in combination with other diet and lifestyle interventions, as well as improvements in other health parameters of the obese state. Dietary fat is ingested in the form of triglycerides, which are three fatty acid molecules that are attached to a glycerol carbohydrate backbone... |
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| Essay on Drugs that Prevent Fat Absorption » |
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| Essay on Obesity in Native Americans |
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| Obesity in Native Americans Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Studies of Native-American health in the United States are complicated by several facts. One is that there is wide variation among people who define themselves as Native Americans, including genetic heritage, degree of assimilation to mainstream American culture, geographic residence (both region of the country and urban versus rural), and standard of living (considering factors such as poverty, level of education, and usual occupation). Another is that even when all Native American groups are lumped together, they still constitute a small minority of the U.S. population, limiting the accuracy of any estimates made from survey data. For this reason, in many surveys, data are not released specifically... |
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| Essay on Obesity in Native Americans » |
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| Essay on The National Eating Disorders Association |
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| The National Eating Disorders Association Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. The National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA) is dedicated to preventing eating disorders, expanding public understanding of eating disorders, and promoting access to quality treatment for those affected. It is the largest not-for-profit organization in the United States devoted to eating disorders and serves individuals and their families affected by anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder as well as individuals with weight and body image issues. NEDA was formed in 2001 through the merger of Eating Disorders Awareness and Prevention (EDAP) and the American Anorexia Bulimia Association (AABA). NEDA headquarters are in Seattle, Washington, and the organization also has an office... |
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| Essay on The National Eating Disorders Association » |
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| Essay on Morbid Obesity in Women |
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| Morbid Obesity in Women Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Estimates by the World Health Organization (WHO) show that in 88 nations, more than half the population is overweight--1.6 billion adults worldwide. Ten million Americans are morbidly obese. The degree of obesity is frequently discussed in terms of body mass index (BMI). BMI is a measurement of how healthy one's weight is in relation to one's height. A BMI of 40 or greater represents morbid obesity. For a woman, this is approximately 80 pounds over her ideal body weight. The height of the average female in the United States is 5' 4" For this same female, she would enter the morbidly obese range at a weight of 234 lb. Recent studies indicate the life expectancy of morbidly obese women to be eight years... |
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| Essay on Morbid Obesity in Women » |
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| Essay on Treatment of Morbid Obesity in Children |
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| Treatment of Morbid Obesity in Children Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. A number of treatments for morbid obesity exist today, but each is of limited success. Lifestyle interventions such as decreasing one's calorie and fat intake, instituting structured physical activity into daily life, and reducing sedentary behaviors (such as watching television) have all been demonstrated to achieve short-term weight loss. However, as these routines are often difficult to initiate and even more difficult to maintain, they are of limited effectiveness in the long term. Pharmacologic interventions are also used for morbid obesity. Medications such as orlistat and sibutramine have been widely studied and are shown to have modest effectiveness in promoting weight loss... |
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| Essay on Treatment of Morbid Obesity in Children » |
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| Essay on The Causes of Morbid Obesity in Children |
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| The Causes of Morbid Obesity in Children Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. The cause of morbid obesity in childhood is unclear. However, many researchers believe that morbid obesity is simply an extreme form of obesity and is thus subject to many of the same risk factors. The specific risk factors for childhood obesity are innumerable, but can be easily grouped into categories of genetic or inborn versus environmental risks. The genetic contribution to obesity is estimated to be anywhere from 25-70 percent, while the environmental contribution can vary in the same manner. However, most experts agree that much of the increase seen in obesity over the last 30 years has been due environmental risk factors as sedentary lifestyle - television watching... |
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| Essay on The Causes of Morbid Obesity in Children » |
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| Essay on Breaking the Cycle of Obesity |
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| Breaking the Cycle of Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Although admittedly difficult, it is possible to break the cycle of emotional eating. A few tips are as follows: Managing stress. This is an important first step. Prioritize tasks and learn to say no. Many emotional eaters are also caretakers, often finding time to take care of everyone but themselves. It is okay to decline invitations and to ask others for help. Emotion regulation. Learn to deal with your emotions by talking about your feelings with others, rather than trying to feel better by overeating. Ultimately, you must learn to stop using food to cope with your feelings. One way is to practice becoming more tolerant at dealing with negative emotions, rather than quickly trying... |
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| Essay on Breaking the Cycle of Obesity » |
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| Essay on Obesity and Mood Regulation |
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| Obesity and Mood Regulation Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Many researchers are focused on the biology and brain chemistry of mood regulation and overeating. The limbic system is the area of the brain that regulates many activities, including emotions and the stress response. The hypothalamus, located at the base of the brain, controls many basic functions, including appetite and stress reaction. Moreover, it regulates the function of the pituitary gland, which in turn, regulates key hormones including cortisol. Disturbances or abnormalities in the limbic system, including how neurotransmitters function, could affect mood and behavior. Serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine are neurotransmitters that have been implicated in depressed mood and other mood disorders... |
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| Essay on Obesity and Mood Regulation » |
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| Essay on Binge Eating |
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| Binge Eating Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Binge eating is defined as overeating a large amount of food while experiencing a sense of loss of control during the eating episode. Not all emotional eating is binge eating, but binge eating plays an important role in the relationship between mood and food. In fact, some researchers have shown that negative mood predicts overeating and can lead to the development of binge-eating disorder in females. In fact, many people report that negative mood states occur directly before a binge. Affect regulation theory suggests that heightened emotional disturbances increase the likelihood of binge eating because an individual feels that eating will soothe his or her painful negative emotions. Food then serves as a... |
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| Essay on Binge Eating » |
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| Essay on Food, Mood, and Obesity |
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| Food, Mood, and Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Emotion-induced eating has been implicated as a risk factor for the development of obesity. Numerous studies have shown that some people overeat as a way to control negative emotions. One reason for this is that eating during times of emotional distress acts to reduce negative emotional experiences. When most people think about mood and eating, they think about the phrase emotional eating. his can be defined as eating in response to negative emotions which may include stress, anger, anxiety, boredom, sadness, and loneliness. Food can be used to produce feelings of comfort, connection, and love. The opposite may also occur. For many, mealtimes during childhood may be remembered as a time of family conflict... |
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| Essay on Food, Mood, and Obesity » |
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| Essay on Monogenic Effects that Result in Obesity |
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| Monogenic Effects that Result in Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. As human genes have not changed appreciably over the last few decades, the recent increase in the prevalence of obesity has been attributed to obesigenic environmental and lifestyle factors, namely, excessive caloric intake and reduced physical activity. However, the significant variability between humans in their propensity to gain weight suggests that susceptibility to obesigenic environmental challenges is largely determined by genetic factors. "Common" obesity is thought to arise from mutations in multiple genetic loci (polygenic obesity), each with modest effects, which interact with each other (gene-gene interactions) and/or with obesigenic environmental factors... |
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| Essay on Monogenic Effects that Result in Obesity » |
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| Essay on Obesity in Mexican Americans |
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| Obesity in Mexican Americans Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. In the United States, overweight and obesity are common in many minority ethnic and racial groups. The populations where this is especially true are among Mexican American and black (non-Hispanic) adults. They are considerably more likely to be overweight or obese than white (non-Hispanic) adults. In adult men, Mexican Americans have the highest rate of overweight and obesity among ethnic and racial groups in the United States. In adult women, blacks (non-Hispanic) are the only racial ethnic group that have a higher rate of overweight and obesity than Mexican Americans. The problem of obesity is made worse due to the fact that abdominal fat is the most common fat distribution pattern among Mexican Americans... |
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| Essay on Obesity in Mexican Americans » |
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| Essay on Childhood Obesity and Metabolic Disorders |
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| Childhood Obesity and Metabolic Disorders Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Metabolism is the regulation of energy throughout the body. Obesity is a metabolic disorder in which excess fat is accumulated in the adipose tissue, or fat tissue. In children, this can lead to a number of other disorders in metabolism throughout the body. Such abnormalities include increased inflammation, decreased insulin sensitivity, Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular complications, and problems with liver function. Understanding the genetics and lifestyle factors of obesity in youth will provide important insight on the progression and treatment of metabolic disorders associated with childhood obesity. Obese children are described to be in a chronic state... |
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| Essay on Childhood Obesity and Metabolic Disorders » |
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| Essay on Obesity and Menopause |
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| Obesity and Menopause Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Menopause is a natural event in women aged 49-55. Menopause is not a disease but a normal biological transition and inevitable process of change. Major hormonal shifts occur which may affect a woman's entire being. In many ways, this hormonal shift is likened to puberty as it is a time of symptoms before a change. Like puberty, the hormonal shifts of menopause mark a rite of passage and an entrance to a new life phase. Menopause begins once a woman has ceased to menstruate for 365 days. The years preceding are referred to as perimenopause or the climacteric, commonly referred to as "the change." The duration may last up to 10 years. Each woman is different and there is no way of predicting how long... |
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| Essay on Bariatric Surgery and Medication Therapy for Weight Loss |
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| Bariatric Surgery and Medication Therapy for Weight Loss Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Bariatric Surgery for weight loss is a successful method to improve the quality of life for patients who suffer from morbid obesity. Successful procedures typically result in significant weight loss and improvement of obesity-related comorbid conditions. Unfortunately, bariatric surgery can result in the development of multiple complications including those that occur from use of medications that can be harmful to patients post surgery. An area of research that is significantly lacking is the management of medications in patients following bariatric surgery. Unfortunately, due to the lack of studies available, general guidelines must be developed from applying... |
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| Essay on Medical Interventions for Obese Children |
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| Medical Interventions for Obese Children Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Medical Interventions for overweight/obese children (body mass index [BMI] above the 95th percentile) and children at risk for overweight/obesity (BMI above the 85th percentile but below the 95th percentile) begins with a clinical assessment, identification of the causes of weight gain, and changes in diet, physical activity, and lifestyle. When comorbidities pose significant health risk or if stabilizing or reducing fat mass in obese children through lifestyle changes is unsuccessful, further medical investigation and intervention are warranted. The targets of medical interventions of childhood obesity are to address causes of weight gain, prevent weight gain, initiate weight loss... |
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| Essay on Macrodiets for Obesity |
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| Macrodiets for Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. The macrobiotic diet is defined by philosophy based on well-being and nutrition. The dietary component is similar to a vegetarian diet with emphasis on the quality of the food consumed. The health benefits of the macrobiotic diet have gained recent positive attention, but falsely spread health claims also detract from the benefits it has to offer. The earliest advocate for the macrobiotic diet was Hippocrates, the founding father of Western medicine. He promoted a diet that was the basis for a long and healthy life. The Greek term macro meaning large, and bio meaning life, equate to lengthening the lifespan via principles of balance (yin and yang) and nutrition. George Ohsawa, a philosopher from Japan... |
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| Essay on Low-Calorie Diets for Obesity |
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| Low-Calorie Diets for Obesity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. A Low-Calorie Diet can be one of the simplest weight-loss strategies for a patient to follow by consuming less food without having complicated dietary restrictions. A successful low calorie diet can contribute to weight loss and health benefits, and decreases long-term health risks. The effectiveness of the low-calorie diet depends ultimately on the willingness of the patient to achieve weight loss. As far back as 500 b.c.e., the Spartan culture utilized low-calorie diets to instill discipline and health. In order to maintain their lean athletic builds, the Spartans exhibited self-control and became immune to hunger cravings by eating less during times of restriction. Similarly, the Okinawans... |
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| Essay on Obesity and Loneliness |
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| Obesity and Loneliness Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Frequent, intense, and enduring loneliness can have far-reaching health implications. Many of its sequelae may complicate health conditions of obese patients through physiological, emotional, social, and behavioral means. Unlike related states of anxiety and depression, typically viewed as pathological, loneliness occurs within the normal and even healthy range of functioning, across the life span. Loneliness has been identified in children, adolescents, and adults. Males and females across every race and culture experience loneliness at similar rates, although some interesting variations have been identified, for example, coping strategies may vary. Approximately 80 percent of survey respondents... |
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| Essay on Obesity and Loneliness » |
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| Essay on Lipoprotein Lipase |
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| Lipoprotein Lipase Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) is the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis (breakdown) of triacylglycerols (TAG, or dietary fat) from lipoprotein carrying molecules into nonesterified free fatty acids and 2-monoacyglycerol for incorporation into tissues such as adipose, heart, and skeletal muscle. LPL plays an important role in lipid metabolism and dysregulation of this enzyme has been implicated in pathologies associated with obesity, including cardiovascular disease. Within adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and heart, LPL is located on the capillary endothelium and is attached to the cell surface by heparin sulfate proteoglycan chains. LPL catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the breakdown of TAG from... |
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| Essay on Leptin Supplements |
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| Leptin Supplements Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Obesity is a major public health problem, and the pharmaceutical industry has recently rushed to find a scientific breakthrough in a cost-effective treatment for individuals who are already obese. For many obese individuals trying to lose weight, exercise and sound nutrition are not enough or are exceedingly difficult. A pharmaceutical approach, thus, is increasingly being sought as an adjunctive therapy to lifestyle changes. The leptin protein was discovered in the 1970s in different strains of mice that either had decreased production of, or a decreased response to, leptin. Researchers took a group of obese mice and noticed a mutation common among the mice that resulted in the inability to generate a protein... |
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| Essay on L.A. Weight Loss |
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| L.A. Weight Loss Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. L.A. Weight Loss is a commercial, nonmedical weight-loss program founded in 1987. The program promotes lifestyle change through intensive individual counseling and use of their packaged foods to supplement ordinary food consumed as part of an individualized diet plan. L.A. Weight Loss claims to be the fastest growing center-based weight-loss program in the world and has over 900 locations in the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico, Mexico, Australia, and Costa Rica. Individual L.A. Weight Loss centers are franchises and information about investing in a franchise, or working in one of the centers, is available through the program's franchise Web site. Promotional materials for L.A. Weight Loss emphasize... |
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| Essay on Obesity and Kidney Stones |
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| Obesity and Kidney Stones Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Obesity. Kidney stones are formed by a complex process of crystal formation and deposition within the kidney, urethra, or bladder. People with kidney stones most often present because of severe pain or blood in the urine. About 5 percent of women and 12 percent of men will have at least one episode of kidney stones by the age of 70. Kidney stones are more prevalent in obese patients, particularly men and those who have abdominal obesity (higher waist circumferences). The mechanism linking obesity to a greater prevalence of kidney stones is not yet known." There are three types of stones: calcium, struvite, and cystine. The most common type is calcium with oxalate or phosphate. These can be caused by high... |
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