 |
 | | |
|
|
| | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Custom essay, writing services, buy research raper,
essays writers, custom term papers, essay writing topics, order custom essay,
order an essay, essay writing services, cheap essay writing,
essay paper writing, cheap research paper writing, buying a research paper, research paper formats
Copyright © EssayEmpire.com, 2004-2012. All rights reserved
|
|
|
|
|
|
 |
| You Are Here: Writing Service > Essay Topics > History Essays & Research Papers > Ancient Rome |
Buy Custom Essays, Research Papers, Term Papers. Cheap Online Writing Services, Essay Papers for Sale
|
|
| |
|  Essay on The First Emperors of Rome |
|
| The First Emperors of Rome Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. Augustus's successors, the Julio-Claudian emperors, continued his administrative policies, though none of them was his equal as statesmen. His adopted son, Tiberius, succeeded him by inheritance; Tiberius ruled A.D. 14-37. Caligula, Claudius, and Nero abandoned republican formalities, expanded the imperial bureaucracy, and sometimes treated the Senate with open contempt. Caligula so scorned the republican tradition that he designated his horse, Incitatus, as his coconsul. Augustus's successors institutionalized the powers that had been granted personally to Augustus and gradually appropriated semidivine status. The Roman Empire became a hereditary monarchy, though as always... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on The First Emperors of Rome » |
|
| |
| Essay on The Principate of Augustus |
|
| The Principate of Augustus Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. By 30 B.C. Octavian became the undisputed ruler of the western world. With characteristic subtlety, he asked only that he be called princeps, or first citizen, and moved over the next seven years to consolidate his influence in ways that would not offend the Senate or other traditionalists. He treated the senators with courtesy, expanding their numbers and increasing their legislative power, but his much vaunted partnership with the Senate was a sham. The real basis of his power was proconsular authority over Spain, Gaul, and Syria, the border provinces that contained a majority of the legions. After 23 B.C. his proconsular authority was extended to Rome, and he was awarded the powers... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on The Principate of Augustus » |
|
| |
| Essay on The Rise of Augustus |
|
| The Rise of Augustus Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. Caesar's rule was generally benign and devoted to reform, including the proclamation of a new calendar that remained standard in Europe until the sixteenth century, but it was autocratic and clearly unconstitutional. On the ides of March (March 15) in 44 B.C. he was assassinated as he entered the Senate house. The conspiracy involved sixty senators under the leadership of G. Cassius Longinus and Marcus Junius Brutus, who believed that his death would restore the powers of the senatorial class. The murder led to thirteen more years of war and the establishment of what amounted to an autocratic state. The violent and dramatic events of this period have fired the imagination of writers... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on The Rise of Augustus » |
|
| |
| Essay on The Fall of the Roman Republic |
|
| The Fall of the Roman Republic Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. By the 2nd century BC, equestrians and Italian allies felt excluded from their rightful place in the political system of the Roman Republic, and far too many citizens remained landless and dependent upon what amounted to welfare. The army, deprived of an adequate number of recruits, grew steadily weaker. Although not the time for foreign adventures, in 111 B.C. the Senate reluctantly declared war on Numidia. The African kingdom had been engulfed by a succession struggle during which the Romans backed the losing candidate. The winner, Jugurtha, celebrated his victory by murdering a number of Roman businessmen. Because most of the victims were equestrians, a tremendous outcry arose in... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on The Fall of the Roman Republic » |
|
| |
| Essay on The Transformation of Roman Society |
|
| The Transformation of Roman Society Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. Ordinary Romans gained little from the acquisition of an empire. Thousands found only an unmarked grave in some remote corner of Spain or the Balkans. Those who returned often discovered that their ancestral farms had been devastated by neglect or--after the Second Punic War--by the passage of armies. All faced a burden of wartime taxation that would have made economic survival difficult in any circumstances. The great senatorial families, meanwhile, profited enormously. Roman military commanders came almost exclusively from this class, and they took most of the loot from captured provinces. This included not only gold, silver, and commodities of every sort, but also tens of... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on The Transformation of Roman Society » |
|
| |
| Essay on The Establishment of Roman Hegemony |
|
| The Establishment of Roman Hegemony Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. Rome's victory over Carthage had been in doubt almost until the end. It was purchased with enormous expenditures of wealth and manpower. The ink on the treaty had scarcely dried when the Senate called for yet another war, this time in Greece. The motives for Roman intervention in that troubled region are unclear. The power of Macedon had waned during the third century B.C., and Greek politics was dominated by two loose and turbulent federations: the more aggressive Aetolian League in central Greece, and the Achaean League in the south. The result was constant warfare. This suited the purposes of three neighboring states with vested interests in the area. Rhodes, a commercial... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on The Establishment of Roman Hegemony » |
|
| |
| Essay on The First Punic War |
|
| The First Punic War Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. In 264 B.C. Rome embarked upon a mortal struggle with Carthage that threatened its existence and ended only after more than a century of bitter conflict. The former Phoenician colony had become the dominant naval power in the western Mediterranean. Like their ancestors, the Carthaginians were great merchants and colonizers, but unlike them, they gradually assumed direct control of the colonies they had planted in western Sicily, Spain, Sardinia, Corsica, and the Balearic islands. Theirs was a true empire, financed by trade with three continents and defended by a magnificent fleet. Because Rome was still an agrarian state with few commercial interests, the Carthaginians did not regard... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on The First Punic War » |
|
| |
| Essay on The Senate of Rome |
|
| The Senate of Rome Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. The Roman government that emerged from the prolonged controversy and long evolution was, in theory at least, carefully balanced to represent the interests of all Roman citizens and was for this reason of great interest to the theorists who, two thousand years later, framed the U.S. Constitution. Legislative authority rested in the centuriate and plebeian assemblies, though the decrees of the latter may not have been binding upon all citizens and the most important function of the centuriate assembly was to elect the consuls and other magistrates. Leadership of the state, including command of the army, was vested in two consuls who served one-year terms and could succeed themselves only... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on The Senate of Rome » |
|
| |
| Essay on The Evolution of Roman Government |
|
| The Evolution of Roman Government Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. The power of the patricians was deeply rooted in law and custom, but even before the fall of the monarchy it was in one sense an anachronism. The heart of the Roman army was infantry, and Roman survival depended upon the swords and spears of plebeians, not horse-mounted aristocrats. In Rome, as in the Greek polis, political rights would grow from military service. The plebeians began their struggle in 494 B.C. when they answered a senatorial call to arms by leaving the city and refusing to fight against the Volscians, a neighboring people who threatened to invade Roman territory. This dramatic gesture won them the right to elect tribunes, who could represent their interests... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on The Evolution of Roman Government » |
|
| |
| Essay on The Economy and Society of Early Rome |
|
| The Economy and Society of Early Rome Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. The city of Rome was similar in its social arrangements to the classical Greek polis. A majority of early Romans were small farmers. Though their plots probably averaged no more than two or three acres--twenty acres was regarded as a substantial estate--the intensive cultivation of many different crops provided them with a measure of self-sufficiency. Wherever possible, grain was planted between rows of vines or olive trees and replaced with beans or other legumes in alternate years, for the Romans practiced crop rotation and were careful to enrich the soil through composting and animal fertilizers. Because grazing land was scarce, there was never enough manure... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on The Economy and Society of Early Rome » |
|
| |
| Essay on The Origins of Rome |
|
| The Origins of Rome Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. The Tiber valley, running roughly from north to south, is strategically important because it provides the easiest land route for travelers--and armies--moving between the Po valley and southern Italy. The last point at which the river can be easily crossed lies about fifteen miles from its mouth, where the valley is broad and marshy. Seven low hills in the immediate area provide a refuge from floods and invaders alike. In the eighth century B.C. one hill, the Palatine, was occupied by a tribe of people who spoke an early version of Latin. Shortly afterward, a related group took up residence on the nearby Aventine hill. These two settlements formed the nucleus of ancient... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on The Origins of Rome » |
|
| |
| Essay on Ancient Italy |
|
| Ancient Italy Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. Beginning in the eighth century B.C., Greek colonists had established themselves in the richest of the southern coastal lands of Italy. Eastern Sicily, Apulia, and Campania, as well as Calabria (the heel of the boot) and the shores of the Gulf of Taranto (its arch), were soon dominated by poleis of the Aegean type, rich and vigorous, but as combative and incapable of unified action as their models. At the same time, the Carthaginians colonized western Sicily and contended violently with their Greek neighbors for land and trade. Of the original inhabitants of these areas, some became slaves or tenants of the colonists, while others retreated to the interior and retained their tribal... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on Ancient Italy » |
|
| |
| Essay on Marcus Tullius Cicero |
|
| Marcus Tullius Cicero Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. Marcus Tullius Cicero was a famous Roman orator, writer, and political leader. He was a contemporary of Sulla, Pompey, and Julius Caesar. He was born in Arpinum in the year 106 BC and died in 43 BC. He followed the custom of going to Rome for his formal education, studying rhetoric, philosophy, and law. After Rome he also studied rhetoric and philosophy with the Greeks at Athens and Rhodes. The Romans considered him a great orator, and his writing style had a strong influence on writing in the Western world. Politically and philosophically, his stand against autocratic rule and for a republican style of government has also been influential. Cicero's family was well to do and of the... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on Marcus Tullius Cicero » |
|
| |
| Essay on Marcus Porcius Cato (the Younger) |
|
| Marcus Porcius Cato (the Younger) Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. The great-grandson of the legendary Marcus Porcius Cato (the Censor), the younger Cato, orphaned at an early age, received his education through his maternal uncle, Marcus Livius Drusus, and steeped his mind in Stoicism and politics. As a good practitioner of Stoic philosophy, he subjected himself to the most rigorous of physical disciplines, ate sparingly, and lived simply. Cato's military career began with his service in 72 BC during the Servile War against Spartacus and his followers. As a military tribune in Macedonia in 67 BC, he served alongside his men and shared in their hardships and sacrifices. While in Macedonia, his brother Caepio died, and he journeyed to... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on Marcus Porcius Cato (the Younger) » |
|
| |
| Essay on Edict of Emperor Caracalla |
|
| Edict of Emperor Caracalla Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. The Roman emperor Caracalla (officially Marcus Aurelius Antoninus) issued the Edict of Caracalla, also known as the Constitutio Antoniniana or Edict of Antoninus, in 212 AD. Prior to this Roman citizenship had been highly treasured and was extended only to people from Rome, children of existing citizens, and people who had served a term in the military, being gradually extended to cover all the freeborn people in the Italian peninsula. The Edict of Caracalla extended Roman citizenship to include all freeborn men throughout the Roman Empire and gave all freeborn women in the empire the same rights as Roman women. Caracalla was born in Gaul in 186 AD, the son of the... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on Edict of Emperor Caracalla » |
|
| |
| Essay on Gaius Julius Caesar |
|
| Gaius Julius Caesar Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. Julius Caesar grew up with many political connections through his father Gaius Julius Caesar, who had been a praetor, and his uncle Gaius Marius, a war hero and politician who had married his father's sister Julia. His mother was Aurelia Cotta. The politics in Rome were embroiled between those who wanted a populous electorate, the populares, and those who wanted aristocratic rule, the optimates. Caesar's uncle Marius was a popularis. In his oposition was Lucius Cornelius Sulla, an optimas. Both were political leaders. These opposing political camps caused many civil wars, coups, and attempted coups. Caesar's life, politics, and military career were directly affected by which camp was... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on Gaius Julius Caesar » |
|
| |
| Essay on Augustus - The First Emperor of Rome |
|
| Augustus - The First Emperor of Rome Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. Augustus was a title given to Octavian when he became the first emperor of the Roman Empire and established the institutional framework that would serve Romans for 300 years. Octavian was the adopted son and heir of Julius Caesar. His rule initiated the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of peace, which ended a century of Roman civil wars. His reign as emperor brought forth a new cultural period, which became known as the golden age of Latin literature and saw many new buildings erected in Rome. This period marked the end of the Roman Republic and the beginning of imperial Rome. Octavian was born Gaius Octavius on September 23, 63 BC, in Rome. His father was Gaius Octavius... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on Augustus - The First Emperor of Rome » |
|
| |
| Essay on Roman Wars with Persia in VII Century AD |
|
| Roman Wars with Persia in VII Century AD Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. With the support of the patriarch of Constantinople, he used church money to buy off the Avars (a hostile people to his north) and rebuild his army with which, in eastern Anatolia in 622, he won his first victory. Operations then focused on the Caucasus region. In 626 the Persians attempted to besiege Constantinople with the aid of the Avars and Slavs. The city withstood the Avars, while the Byzantine navy defeated the Slav boats that were to ferry the Persians to the European side. The Byzantines credited the Virgin Mary with the defense of their city. While they turned to their faith, the Persians sought to undermine this fervor. When they had captured... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on Roman Wars with Persia in VII Century AD » |
|
| |
| Essay on Emperor Marcus Aurelius |
|
| Emperor Marcus Aurelius Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. Marcus Aurelius was the only Roman philosopher emperor, author of Meditations and last of the "good" emperors. The Pax Romana began its slow collapse during his reign. Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus was born on April 26 in 121 AD. His father, praetor Marcus Annius Verus, died when Aurelius was only three months old, and his mother, Lucilla, inherited great family wealth. Emperor Hadrian felt great empathy toward Aurelius, and Hadrian became his mentor. He made Aurelius a priest of the Salian order in 128. By age 12 Aurelius began to practice Stoicism and became extremely ascetic, scarcely sleeping and eating. Hadrian controlled his education, having Rome's brightest citizens... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on Emperor Marcus Aurelius » |
|
| |
| Essay on The Antonine Imperial Dynasty |
|
| The Antonine Imperial Dynasty Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. The four Antonine emperors of Rome--Antoninus Pius (138-161 AD), Marcus Aurelius (161-180 AD), Lucius Verus (161-169 AD), and Commodus (180-192 AD)--ruled over a time extending from the height of the Pax Romana to one where the Roman Empire was having increasing difficulty carrying its many burdens. The founder of the dynasty, Antoninus Pius, was born to a family that already numbered several consuls among its members. He served for many years in the Senate and as Roman official before being adopted as successor to the emperor Hadrian in 138 AD. Part of the arrangement was that Antoninus would in turn adopt two boys as his heirs. One was the nephew of his wife... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on The Antonine Imperial Dynasty » |
|
| |
| Essay on The Battle of Adrianople (378 AD) |
|
| The Battle of Adrianople (378 AD) Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. On August 9, 378 AD, the Eastern Roman army under the command of Emperor Valens attacked a Gothic army (made up of Visigoths and Ostrogoths) that had camped near the town of Adrianople (also called Hadrianoplis) and was routed. The battle is often considered the beginning of the collapse of the Roman Empire in the fifth century. During the 370s AD there was a movement of peoples from Mongolia into eastern Europe. Called the Huns, they were driven from Mongolia by the Chinese. From 372 to 376 the Huns drove the Goths westward, first from the region of the Volga and Don Rivers and then the Dnieper River. This pushed the Goths into the Danube River area and into... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on The Battle of Adrianople (378 AD) » |
|
| |
| Essay on The Founding of Constantinople |
|
| The Founding of Constantinople Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History. On May 11, A. D. 330, on the shores of the Bosphorus, Constantine solemnly dedicated his new capital, Constantinople. Why did the Emperor, turning his back upon ancient Rome, remove to the East the seat of the monarchy? Not only had Constantine no personal liking for the turbulent pagan city of the Caesars, but he also, and not without good reason, considered it badly placed for meeting the new exigencies with which the Empire was confronted. The Gothic peril on the Danube, the Persian peril in Asia, were imminent; and though the powerful tribes of Illyricum offered admirable resources for defense, Rome was too far away to make use of them for that purpose. Diocletian had realized this, and he too... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on The Founding of Constantinople » |
|
| |
| Essay on Emperor Octavian Augustus |
|
| Emperor Octavian Augustus Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. Emperor Octavian Augustus (Latin: IMP-CAESAR-DIVI-F-AVGVSTVS) (23 September 63 BC - 19 August AD 14) had ruled the Empire for a very long time, and the longevity of his rule had lent stability to his regime. There would be many people who had known nothing else except the rule of the Princeps; some people had been born and died while he was still in power, and all the generations born in and after 30 BC would know nothing of the Republic and the turmoil that heralded its end, except for hearsay and their history books. Velleius speaks of the narrow margin between stability and chaos until the accession of Tiberius was assured. One of Tiberius' first acts was to write to the armies spread... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on Emperor Octavian Augustus » |
|
| |
| Essay on The Decline of the Roman Republic |
|
| The Decline of the Roman Republic Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. The Roman Republic (Latin: Res Publica Romanorum) was the republican government of the city of Rome and its territories from 510 BC until its subversion into the Roman Empire. The precise date in which the republic changed into the Roman Empire is disputed, sometimes placed at 44 BC, the year of Caesar's appointment as perpetual dictator, or 2 September 31 BC, date of the Battle of Actium. On 16 January 27 BC, the Roman Senate granted Octavian the title "Augustus" and this is the most commonly accepted date. There is ample evidence, for example, in the Late Republic of a declension from the austere social and moral standards of the Italian past. Rome had won her ascendency... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on The Decline of the Roman Republic » |
|
| |
| Essay on The Marian Reforms (107 BC) |
|
| The Marian Reforms (107 BC) Caius Marius is a more noteworthy figure in history from his rugged, uncouth personality and his startling political success and failure than from his merit as a captain. Though unquestionably able as a leader, though Rome owed to him the victory at Aquae Sextiae, which delivered her from the Cimbri and Teutones, his position in military annals was more distinguished by the new organization of the Roman army than by any other contribution to the art of war. When internal disquiet began to monopolize the thought and action of the citizens of the Roman republic, the army was not long in feeling its influence for the worse. The civil wars sadly marred the soldierly sentiments of the Romans, but it was Caius Marius who first gave a serious downward impetus to the character... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on The Marian Reforms (107 BC) » |
|
| |
| Essay on Roman Architecture Under the Flavian Dynasty |
|
| Roman Architecture Under the Flavian Dynasty Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. Under the Flavian dynasty the Urbs underwent another radical transformation, itself the outcome of new religious and Imperial ideals which found expression in new architectural forms and strongly affected the plastic arts. "The age of the Flavians," as Rivoira points out, "has characteristics of its own, and stands out by the imposing scale of its buildings, which also show notable innovations both in plan and structure," but there was no real break with tradition. Changes were gradual and the reversal of Nero's building policy after his death was not as sudden as is generally represented. In the tragic year of the Four Emperors, Otho endeavored to finish the Golden House... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on Roman Architecture Under the Flavian Dynasty » |
|
| |
| Essay on The Religions of the Roman Empire |
|
| The Religions of the Roman Empire Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. The religions of the Roman Empire, with the exception of Judaism and Christianity, were polytheistic. Polytheism often poses significant problems for those educated in a Judeo-Christian tradition. There is a tendency to view polytheism as primitive and regard monotheism as a more logical system of religious belief. This is to misunderstand fundamentally the nature of religion in this period. Jewish, Christian and Islamic traditions tend to view religion as a coherent system. Paganism was incoherent. There were very many gods. There were gods of particular places and particular functions, and even gods such as Apollo had many separate aspects and his powers were divided... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on The Religions of the Roman Empire » |
|
| |
| Essay on The Gallic War |
|
| The Gallic War Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. The Gauls had been the terror of Rome for centuries. Whoever conquered them would be the national hero. Caesar understood this. His mission was to protect the Province; he purposed to subdue Gaul. He worked for his own ends as much as for Rome, but he understood his problem thoroughly. He considered the strategic field of Gaul with a clear eye, and committed no errors in his general plan. It was natural that he should make early mistakes of detail, for Caesar had not been brought up as a soldier; and we find a hesitancy in his first campaigns which later he threw off. His line of advance from the Province through central Gaul was in strict accord with the topographical values, and he studied the tribal... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on The Gallic War » |
|
| |
| Essay on Emperor Vespasian |
|
| Emperor Vespasian Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. There is a change in the nature of our available source material from the reign of Vespasian onwards. For the narrative history of the period we have to rely on the fragments of Dio preserved in Byzantine epitomes and it is frequently difficult to date events mentioned. Tacitus does write about the period but his observations are contained in the Agricola and the Dialogus, neither of which pretend to provide narrative histories of the period. Our other main guide is Suetonius, but the biographies of the Flavians are less detailed than those of earlier emperors. As a result, though we can perceive at least some of the more general developments, it is almost impossible to produce... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on Emperor Vespasian » |
|
| |
| Essay on Economics of Roman Empire |
|
| Economics of Roman Empire Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. Historians disagree as to the level of sophistication of the ancient economy. Some historians have seen broad analogies between the workings of the ancient economy and "subsistence economies" of areas of the developing world. Other historians suggest that the ancient economy was complex and had more in common with modern economies. This debate has at times been vitriolic and part of the reason for this difference of opinion lies in the nature of the source material. Our major ancient literary sources make virtually no mention of macro-economic issues (issues affecting the whole economy). They do not discuss the economic fortunes of regions or the productivity of the Roman Empire... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on Economics of Roman Empire » |
|
| |
| Essay on The Romanization of Mediterranean |
|
| The Romanization of Mediterranean Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History. The development of urban centers on a Roman model is one of the most obvious facets of Romanization. Such settlements can be seen in all the conquered lands of the West. Typically, the centre would have a regular street plan where the intersections of the streets formed regular rectangular blocks. The two main streets (the cardo and decumanus ) ran through the geometric centre of the city and, near where these streets crossed, the Forum would be situated. The Forum would have a basilica, temples and other Roman-style buildings. The city would normally also be provided with baths. The development of urban centers on a Roman model is one of the most obvious facets of Romanization... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on The Romanization of Mediterranean » |
|
| |
| Essay on Lucius Cornelius Sulla |
|
| Lucius Cornelius Sulla Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. Lucius Cornelius Sulla was one of the ablest generals of his era. He learned his trade under Gaius Marius. He first used earthworks in battle to protect his lines, and at Orchomenus he used fieldworks to hem in his enemy. Sulla was bold and discreet; he was both lion and fox. Pompey was one of those captains upon whom greatness happens to be thrust. Of good but not high ability, exceptional fortune enabled him to reap the benefit of the hard work of others. He was slow and lacked initiative, but did some of his work well. His early successes in Sicily and Africa earned him the title of Great at twenty-four; but when he went to Spain and opposed Sertorius, one of the most noteworthy generals... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on Lucius Cornelius Sulla » |
|
| |
| Essay on Caesar's Legions |
|
| Caesar's Legions Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. Caesar's legionary was no longer a citizen-soldier, as in the Punic wars; he was a professional, or a mercenary. He served for a livelihood, not as a duty. The legion was no longer set up in three lines according to property rating; it was marshaled in two or three lines of cohorts, the cohort being a body of four to six hundred men, ranked according to military qualities, and ten cohorts went to the legion. The men retained substantially the old equipment; they occupied in line a space of but three feet front instead of five. The intervals between cohorts had sensibly decreased. The camp and camp-followers, musicians, standards and petty details of all kinds remained much as before... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on Caesar's Legions » |
|
| |
| Essay on The Success of the Roman Empire |
|
| The Success of the Roman Empire Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on History of Ancient Rome. Credit for the success of the Roman Empire is certainly given to the Roman Legion, the strongest military force in antiquity. Josephus of Galilee wrote, "The Romans are unbeatably strong, especially because of their obedience and practice at arms. In the Roman camp there is nothing that happens without the word of command. In short, no disorder disperses them from their usual formation, no fear confounds them, no labor exhausts them, and certain victory follows against those unequal in these respects." In their conquest, the Romans met little resistance because they used diplomacy to make alliances with native rulers who would fight alongside them or provide logistical support... |
|
| Research Paper Essay on The Success of the Roman Empire » |
|
|
|
| see also: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
