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Nonverbal communication is a form of non-linguistic communication that develops in an individual through intrapersonal and interpersonal relationships which reflects a variety of acquired genetic and learned environmental behaviors, attitudes, prejudices and beliefs derived from the influence of cultural and societal situations.

Thus, nonverbal communication encompasses behaviors related to the study of kinesics, or body language, gestures, facial expressions, posture and eye behaviour; the study of proxemics, which refers to spatial relationships and personal distances which occur in the context of interrelationships; the study of chronemics, which refers to the perception and use of time and rate of speech; the study of paralinguistics, or the sound element of nonverbal communication, and the study of semiotics, communication through signs and symbols, and a range of micromomentary information and artifacts, dress, status and other symbols.

To generate and respond to these behaviors it is necessary for an individual to interact in the interpersonal communication process as illustrated in the transactional communication model described by Adler and Towne (1993, p.11) which reveals that:

Communication is a continuous, transactional process involving participants who occupy different but overlapping environments and create a relationship by simultaneously sending and receiving messages…It is through this process that the social systems of shared expectations, patterns of emotional relatedness, and modes of social adjustment produce the nonverbal behaviors unique to various cultures and subcultures.

Some nonverbal communication is developed through borrowed behaviors which are often introduced by the transmigration of people from all corners of the world, taking with them their own unique cultures, tastes, nonverbal behaviors, beliefs, attitudes and religions. It is at this point when the processes of transculturation occurs, causing the dominant culture to change and adapt to the new culture, and at the same time the imported cultures also change to incorporate the dominant social structure and culture, often resulting in a pluralistic culture.

As the community and individuals constantly interact in their new society, new bodily habits, gestures, speech patterns, ideas of time and space, signs and symbols are learned, exchanged and adapted to their individual and communal geographic and socio-political environments, at the same time impressing upon the former social structure, their own imported verbal and nonverbal behaviors, attitudes, habits and beliefs, thereby producing a continuum of ever expanding cultures and subcultures. . .

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