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|  Essay on Definition and Purpose of Obscenity |
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| Definition and Purpose of Obscenity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Media Censorship. In contemporary English the word obscene has connotations of strong disapproval, even disgust. For some, any depiction of sexual activity or the sex organs is by definition pornographic, for others it is a legitimate, morally neutral branch of art, ''erotic'' art. In this entry the term is construed to refer to all sexual acts, gestures, and exposures that for most of European medieval and post-medieval history have been perceived or received as offensive (scatological obscenity is beyond the purview of this entry). However, the notion of obscenity is culturally relative, and chronologically relative even within the same culture: autres temps, autres moeurs... |
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| Essay on Definition and Purpose of Obscenity » |
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| Essay on Censorship of the Internet |
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| Censorship of the Internet Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Media Censorship. The Internet is also seen as posing dangers to impressionable youth. Because the Internet has no specific location and because it has not been censored, legislators have taken action to try to limit pornography and obscenity on the World Wide Web. Their first attempt to protect children from material they might stumble upon online was the Communications Decency Act of 1996. This statute made criminal ''the knowing transmission, by means of a telecommunications device, of 'obscene or indecent' communications to any recipient under 18 years of age . . . the knowing use of an interactive computer service to send to a specific person or persons under 18 years of age, or to display... |
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| Essay on Censorship of Music |
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| Censorship of Music Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Media Censorship. Music--even classical music--has not been free from censorship. Because music has no images (though music videos do), reasons for banning music have been related primarily to political issues or profanity and political criticism in lyrics. Music from classical composers who were German or associated with the Nazis was banned for a time in such countries as Israel. In the (Joseph) McCarthy era of the 1950s, Pete Seeger's (b.1919-) and the Weavers' single ''Wimoweh'' was denounced because of Seeger's supposed ties with communism. In Britain the Sex Pistols' ''God Save the Queen'' (1977) was banned from airplay because of the lyric, ''God save the Queen / The fascist regime.''... |
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| Essay on Censorship of Music » |
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| Essay on The Television Rating System |
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| The Television Rating System Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Media Censorship. Television also received its share of concern over content. For many years networks employed censors who screened television programming for explicit sexual content, profanity (which was bleeped out), nudity, and obscenity. Until the 1990s, with the growing influence of cable television's vaster array of stations, the big three networks' self-censoring was sufficient control. Television's self-censoring was also a necessary economic practice, because its advertisers had an interest in the programming they supported reaching the largest number of viewers. Television programming remained conservative so as not to offend large groups of viewers. Cable programming removed the local base... |
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| Essay on The Television Rating System » |
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| Essay on Film and the Production Code |
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| Film and the Production Code Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Media Censorship. Although censorship of print texts had existed long before the advent of photography in 1839 and cinema in 1895, the potential for widely disseminated realistic images of sexuality elicited increased scrutiny of photographic media. The invention of photographic techniques that enabled easy reproduction of photographs, such as postcards or in aesthetic journals, prompted the censors' focus on photographs. The rising influence of the film industry through the first thirty years of the twentieth century catalyzed growing discomfort with cinema content. In cinema's early years, when film audiences were mainly composed of the working class, civic leaders resisted any official censorship of cinema... |
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| Essay on Film and the Production Code » |
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| Essay on Media, Gender Issues, and Censorship |
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| Media, Gender Issues, and Censorship Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Media Censorship. The term media refers to two related entities. It is a general term for the various material and instrumental means through which ideas are expressed, including everything from paint, film, musical instruments, digital files, and architecture to language, images, sculpture, and sound. It is also a general term for the various organizations through which ideas are transmitted publicly, such as radio, television, cinema, and the Internet. Media productions of both types can be deployed to express eroticism and sexuality, and both have been the objects of censorship and repression since the growing influence of Christianity in Rome during the second and third centuries. Censorship... |
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| Essay on Media, Gender Issues, and Censorship » |
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| Essay on Warding Off Government Censorship with Self-Regulation and Self-Censorship |
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| Warding Off Government Censorship with Self-Regulation and Self-Censorship Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Media Censorship. In order to ward off government censorship of sexual and violent content in their media products, many entertainment-based industries have adopted and employed voluntary ratings systems that provide consumers and viewers with package-affixed labels and warnings about the content in a particular product. While such voluntary ratings systems do not constitute private censorship to the extent that the content of the product itself is not altered by the imposition of a rating or warning label, they do amount to good-faith and self-regulatory efforts to monitor content to fend off censorship. For instance, the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA)... |
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| Essay on Warding Off Government Censorship with Self-Regulation and Self-Censorship » |
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| Essay on The Types of Censored Sexual Content: Obscenity, Child Pornography, Indecency |
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| The Types of Censored Sexual Content: Obscenity, Child Pornography, Indecency Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Media Censorship. The First Amendment does not protect obscene speech, and thus it may be censored by the federal government in the United States. The U.S. Supreme Court created a three-part test in 1973 for determining when material is obscene (Miller v. California). That test, known as the Miller test after the name of the legal case in which it was created, asks the jury in an obscenity prosecution to determine whether the material in question: (1) appeals to a prurient interest in sex, when taken as a whole and as judged by contemporary community standards from the perspective of the average person; (2) is patently offensive, as defined by state law... |
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| Essay on The Types of Censored Sexual Content: Obscenity, Child Pornography, Indecency » |
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| Essay on Modern Rationales for Censorship of Sexual Content |
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| Modern Rationales for Censorship of Sexual Content Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Media Censorship. In the early-twenty-first-century United States, there are two primary and distinct rationales for censoring sexual content and, in particular, for censoring sexual content that is commonly thought of as pornography, such as that found in such magazines as Hustler, Taboo, and Barely Legal. First, anti-pornography feminist legal scholars such as Catharine A. MacKinnon (1993) believe that such sexual content represents ''the power of men over women, expressed through unequal sex, sanctioned both through and prior to state power'' (p. 40). Under this view, the sexual content found in adult magazines, videos, and DVDs should be censored because it objectifies... |
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| Essay on Rationales for Censorship: Fear and Power |
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| Rationales for Censorship: Fear and Power Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Media Censorship. Rationales for censorship of expression often are based upon fears--realistic or imaginary--about the supposedly dangerous and deleterious effects that particular messages might have on the audience that receives them. For instance, those in power in government may want to censor messages of opposing political parties because they fear the opposition's messages will undermine their authority and control. Likewise, the government may want to censor messages with sexually explicit content because it fears that young children would be harmed or corrupted by viewing the content. For instance, a public high school--a government entity--may ban books with sexual content from its shelves... |
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| Essay on Rationales for Censorship: Fear and Power » |
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| Essay on Government Censorship and Private Censorship |
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| Government Censorship and Private Censorship Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Media Censorship. Censorship is the prohibition, suppression, and restriction of speech, be it the printed word or other forms of expression such as images, broadcasts, and Internet postings. It generally is found in two distinct modes in the United States--government censorship and private censorship. The former typically occurs when a government official or government entity either creates a law or seeks a court order, such as an injunction, that prohibits and bans the utterance and/or dissemination of speech on a particular topic, subject, or idea. Likely targets of censorship in the early twenty-first century are content such as military or security secrets, obscenity, broadcast indecency... |
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