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47XYY syndrome may mimic ADHD, but they are two completely different conditions. In human beings females have one X chromosome inherited from their mothers and an X chromosome from the father. Males have an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the father. There is a rare disorder in which the male may have an extra Y chromosome. Called the XYY trisomy syndrome, the individual may appear to be a normal male. The number 47 is placed in the name to indicate that there are 47 chromosome, rather than the normal 46 chromosomes. In the past it was thought that an excess of testosterone may be responsible for aggressive behaviors, but current studies have shown that this may not be the case. However, the extra Y chromosome has been associated with antisocial behavior and an increased risk for learning difficulties and delayed speech and language skills. The children may be taller than their age group and may also display behaviors of hyperactivity, aggressiveness, and attention deficit. This condition is not inherited but is a chromosomal aberration.

Rais (2008) found a study from the United Kingdom that estimates that 97 percent of XYY males may not appear any different from regular males. She has studied 47XYY males extensively and works with children who display tendencies for disobedience very early in life. For example, one boy had the diagnosis of XYY syndrome at the age of 6 because of his defiant behaviors, frequent temper tantrums, larger body size, self-mutilation, and delayed speech development. Stimulant medication and a host of psychotherapeutic drugs such as lithium did not improve his attention span and concentration ability. When they removed the two drugs, he improved. Although symptoms of ADHD may be present in 47XYY syndrome, the two really are not related.

ADHD is a genetic neurological condition relating to neurotransmitters; 47XYY is an anomaly of the entire chromosome.

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