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|  Research Paper on Christianity and Politics |
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| Christianity and Politics Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Christianity. Most researchers studying the intersecting and influence of Christianity and politics on one another frequently quote Matthew 22, in which Jesus, in response to the Pharisees' question about the legality of paying taxes to Caesar, says, "Give therefore to Caesar the things that are Caesar's and to God the things that are God's." Some Christians cite these words as a warning, even a command that the church should stay out of politics. They contend that the purpose of the state is to govern this world, to tend to our material and physical needs, and the purpose of the church and religion is to tend to our spiritual needs and to prepare us for the world to come. On the other hand, many Christians... |
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| Research Paper on Christianity and Politics » |
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| Essay on Baptists |
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| Baptists Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. Baptist is a Christian church denomination noted for emphasizing the separation of church and state, a highly democratic form of church government, and an individual, personal relationship to God. English and American Baptists derive from European "Anabaptist" Protestant Christians, and their ideals of religious freedom and liberty of conscience greatly affected political and religious life in Britain and America. Jefferson's Virginia statute for religious freedom and later U.S. constitutional freedom of religious belief embodied Baptist ideals for liberty of individual conscience and church independence from state control. Baptists now constitute the largest Protestant church in the United States of America... |
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| Essay on Baptists » |
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| Essay on The Branch Davidians |
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| The Branch Davidians Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. The Branch Davidians are an apocalyptic offshoot of the Seventh-Day Adventists. They are best known for their involvement in a standoff with agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms between February and March 1993. After Ellen G. White, the first leader of Seventh Day Adventism, died in 1915, its leaders were unable to choose a clear spiritual successor or establish a strong theological base for continuing the movement. When the Seventh Day Adventists were unable to replace White, replacements came to the fore on their own. Among these was a Hungarian immigrant named Victor Houteff. Houteff led a reform movement within the movement during the late 1920s that... |
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| Essay on The Branch Davidians » |
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| Essay on Born-Again Experience |
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| Born-Again Experience Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. The point of origination for the term "born-again" can be found in John 3:3, which reads, "Jesus answered and said to him, 'Truly, truly, I say to you unless one is born again he cannot see the kingdom of God.'" Nicodemus, a Pharisee, had come to Jesus by night to learn more about Jesus and his teachings. He was confronted with the need to be born again. This required a radical break from Nicodemus's past. Some Protestant Christians, particularly Evangelical Protestants, glean from this encounter a need for a personal life-changing break with the past. Also, the same people who claim to be born again ordinarily hold a very high or literal view of Scripture. According to this literal interpretation, one must be... |
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| Essay on Born-Again Experience » |
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| Essay on Anabaptist Movement |
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| Anabaptist Movement Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. Transliterated from the Greek word for "re-baptizer," Anabaptist refers to members of what has sometimes been called the "Radical Reformation" or the "left wing of the Protestant Reformation." The appellation was a serious matter; under a law from the Justinian code (529 AD) used by the religious and political authorities of the day, "re-baptism" was a capital crime. Anabaptists themselves did not use this name, preferring versions of "Brethren," or, in the Netherlands, Doopsgezind (baptism-minded). The first recorded "rebaptism" occurred near Zurich, Switzerland, on January 21, 1525, although Anabaptist ideas were in evidence in southern German territories one or two years earlier. Anabaptist origins... |
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| Essay on Anabaptist Movement » |
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| Essay on The Amish |
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| The Amish Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. The Amish (who also refer to themselves as "The Plain People") are a conservative Christian group residing mostly in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, and Ontario, Canada. They trace their roots back to the Mennonite elder Jakob Amman, who in 17th-century Switzerland caused a schism between his followers and the existing Mennonite communities by refusing to worship in state-run churches. They began emigrating to Pennsylvania in the early 1700s and are now found only in North America. The Amish are best known for their use of horse and buggies, refusal to operate many modern-day machines and appliances, and their distinctive dress. Clothing is worn with hooks, not buttons. Married men... |
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| Essay on The Amish » |
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| Essay on Athanasius: Theologian and Bishop |
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| Athanasius: Theologian and Bishop Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. Probably first a deacon (311-328 AD) ordained by the bishop Alexander, and Alexander's personal secretary at the Council of Nicaea (325 AD), Athanasius was elected bishop in 328 AD. His tenure was marked by his conflict with the Meletian Church in Egypt, and with the pro-Arian bishops within and outside his jurisdiction. Alexander did not enforce the canons of Nicaea with respect to the Meletian bishops in Egypt, and Athanasius met with strong resistance upon his insistence on the Council of Nicaea's decisions. The Meletians made cause with Arianism, whose strength in the East was supported by the pro-Arian Constantine the Great. Athanasius was dismissed from his see by a synod of bishops in Tyre... |
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| Essay on Athanasius: Theologian and Bishop » |
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| Essay on Arianism (Arian Herecy) |
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| Arianism (Arian Herecy) Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. Arianism receives its name from Arius, a Christian priest of Alexandria who taught that the Son of God, the second person of the Trinity, is not God in the same sense as the Father. He believed that the Son of God did exist before time, but that the Father created him and therefore the Son of God is not eternal like the Father. Arius was accustomed to say of the Son of God: "There was a time when he was not." When the bishop Alexander opposed Arius, he took his case to Eusebius, bishop of Nicomedia, who had the ear of Emperor Constantine the Great. In order to put an end to the disputes that arose because of Arius's teaching, Constantine called for a general council that met at Nicaea in 325 AD. Arius and his followers... |
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| Essay on Arianism (Arian Herecy) » |
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| Essay on Ambrose, Bishop of Milan |
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| Ambrose, Bishop of Milan Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. Ambrose, bishop of Milan, was born in Trier of the noble Aurelian family. His mother moved the family to Rome after the death of his father. Educated in rhetoric and law, Ambrose was first employed in Sirmium and then in c. 370 AD as governor of Milan. After the death of the Arian bishop of Milan, a violent conflict broke out in the city over whether the next bishop would be a Catholic or an Arian. Ambrose intervened to restore peace and was so admired by all that both sides accepted him as a candidate for bishop, although he was not even baptized at the time. He was baptized and consecrated a bishop within a week. He immediately gave his wealth to the poor and devoted himself to the study of... |
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| Essay on Ambrose, Bishop of Milan » |
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| Essay on Religious Music |
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| Religious Music Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. Judaeo-Christian religious tradition can trace a direct line of descent from the earliest religious expression of ancient Israel. There is nothing particularly distinctive about ancient Israel as a tribal people except its religious expression: the religion of Yahweh, the one all-powerful God. That religion was remarkably intense and demanding, and its uncompromising monotheism represented an extraordinarily mature, sophisticated level of religious awareness for a tribal people. Ancient Israel's evolving religious awareness unfolds in the Old Testament, whose earliest writings offer a record of what was surely first an oral tradition of great antiquity. The Old Testament offers only a fragmentary image of musical... |
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| Essay on Religious Music » |
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| Essay on History of the Reformation |
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| History of the Reformation Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. In the decades immediately preceding the Reformation, many an educated man might have doubts about this power of the clergy over the spiritual and eternal welfare of men and women; but when it came to the point, almost no one could venture to say that there was nothing in it. And so long as the feeling remained that there might be something in it, the anxieties, to say the least, which Christian men and women could not help having when they looked forward to an unknown future, made kings and peoples hesitate before they offered defiance to the Pope and the clergy. The spiritual powers which were believed to come from the exclusive possession of priesthood and sacraments went for much in increasing the authority... |
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| Essay on History of the Reformation » |
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| Essay on The Presbyterians |
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| The Presbyterians Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. American Presbyterianism was the natural child of English Puritanism and Scottish Presbyterianism, modified and reshaped in the colonial environment. In England, Puritanism had only gradually split into Presbyterian and Congregational wings; and even in America, where the Congregational form was dominant, there were always tendencies toward Presbyterianism. Nowhere was the tendency more marked than in Connecticut. During the latter half of the seventeenth century, Puritans largely from Connecticut planted churches on Long Island, in northern New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and South Carolina. Many invited Scottish Presbyterian ministers to preach to them, while at the same time they maintained... |
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| Essay on The Presbyterians » |
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| Essay on Natural Religion |
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| Natural Religion Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. Natural religion is a phrase that came into existence in an atmosphere of conflict and as a challenge to the prevailing supernaturalism of traditional orthodoxy. At its best it was significant of the attempt to deliver Christendom from its thousand years' captivity to the belief in a rigid antithesis between the secular and the sacred, and of the conviction of the best seventeenth century thought that the order of nature not only proceeded from the same source but revealed the same quality as the order of grace. But dualism was too deeply ingrained in Catholic and Protestant theology for the phrase to be sympathetically considered: it threatened the Catholic separation of reason from faith not less than the Protestant... |
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| Essay on Natural Religion » |
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| The Life and Work of John Huss |
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| The Life and Work of John Huss Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. For a time Huss was allowed to continue his ministry in peace. Emphasis upon two elements in his teaching, however, led almost inevitably to fierce conflict. The people had not forgotten that originally they had been connected with the Greek Church. Only by force and intrigue had they been brought under the yoke of Rome. They still looked back to the time when divine service was conducted in their own language; when they partook of the cup as well as of the bread in the Sacrament; and when also the marriage of their priests was lawful. Sometimes they were reminded of these lost privileges by their preachers; while, on the other hand, Rome continued to irritate the people by further attempts to curtail... |
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| The Life and Work of John Huss » |
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| Essay on Methodists: The Wesleyan Movement |
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| Methodists: The Wesleyan Movement Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. An analysis of the population groups from which Methodism drew its membership indicates that the movement concentrated upon the very section of the community which was increasingly being drawn into the industrial processes. The rural groups were less accessible and, besides, they were less isolated from the Establishment, with which even an appearance of conflict was avoided. It was part of the official strategy of the revival under Wesley to focus the new propaganda where the largest number of unattached people could be reached and where the discipline of a regulated organization would give permanence to the work. The centripetal forces of industrial concentration were not, of course... |
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| Essay on Methodists: The Wesleyan Movement » |
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| Essay on Christian Martyrs |
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| Christian Martyrs Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. Clement of Alexandria wrote from experience. In 202-203, during the persecution of Septimius Severus, he had been forced to flee to Asia Minor. In his Miscellanies (Stromata, 4.4), he discusses the perfection of martyrdom that had eluded him and compares martyrdom to the valiant death of classical heroes: "And the ancients laud the death of those among the Greeks who died in war, not that they advised people to die a violent death, but because he who ends his life in war is released without the dread of dying." Just like the heroes of epics and the arena, the Christian martyrs displayed a contempt of death that allowed them to face the end with unnerving self-control. "We conquer death and are not conquered by it"... |
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| Essay on Christian Martyrs » |
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| Essay on Historical Jesus Christ |
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| Historical Jesus Christ Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. Though there are many historical narratives in the Bible that are significant for Christians, orthodox Christian faith has traditionally understood itself as rooted supremely in the life, death, and resurrection of a historical person, Jesus of Nazareth. Whether Judaism could survive the discovery that Moses never existed and the Exodus never occurred is not for me to say, but it has seemed to many Christians that Christian faith could not survive if Jesus did not live, die, and rise from the dead. This story of Jesus I shall call 'the incarnational narrative'. I shall use this phrase to designate the story of Jesus of Nazareth, taken from the New Testament as a whole, as that story has traditionally been told... |
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| Essay on Historical Jesus Christ » |
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| Essay on Heresy in Medieval Europe |
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| Heresy in Medieval Europe Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. The debates about the nature of Christian belief and the sources of legitimate authority in the Christian community that began to trouble the peace of the early churches two thousand years ago had both immediate and longer-lasting effects. From the epistles of St. Paul to the great age of church councils in the fifth and sixth centuries, the twin concepts of orthodoxy and heterodoxy were constituted as the third of the divisions that defined a true Christian, following the distinctions between Christianity and paganism on the one hand, and Christianity and Judaism on the other. The substance of Christian belief was articulated in apostolic and patristic literature, based upon an increasingly homogeneous... |
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| Essay on Heresy in Medieval Europe » |
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| Essay on The Origins of Evangelicalism |
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| The Origins of Evangelicalism Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. Once a profligate slave trader, John Newton (1725-1807) later became one of the leading evangelicals in the Church of England in the second generation of the Evangelical Revival. While Jonathan Edwards's congregation at Northampton, Massachusetts, was moving in a cloud of revival wonders, Newton was a ten-year-old boy at a boarding school near London who was already neglecting most of what his late, pious mother had earlier taught him; while John Wesley's heart was being strangely warmed, twelve-year-old Newton was suffering repeated struggles between sin and conscience; and while Whitefield was stirring the crowds at Cambuslang in Scotland, Newton at sixteen had taken up and laid aside his religious... |
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| Essay on The Origins of Evangelicalism » |
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| Essay on The Evangelical Episcopalians |
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| The Evangelical Episcopalians Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. Sometime during the summer of 1830, the Rev. Dr. James May, an Episcopal clergyman and at that time rector of St. Stephen's Episcopal Church in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, boarded a Hudson River steamboat on his way to a well-earned rest in the New York Mountains. Sharing the same steamboat and the same destination was "a prominent Presbyterian Clergyman of the city of New York," the Rev. Dr. George Washington Bethune. The two divines fell to talking denominational shop, and "in the course of their conversation the Presbyterian spoke most favorably of the Protestant Episcopal Church." May was evidently taken aback; he was not accustomed to unsolicited endorsements from Presbyterian quarters... |
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| Essay on The Evangelical Episcopalians » |
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| Essay on The Ecumenical Movement |
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| The Ecumenical Movement Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. For more than half a century, the ecumenical movement has penetrated deeper and deeper into the life of all of the churches, and has led them to seek, by various paths, the unity of the church. This movement takes concrete form in a certain number of institutions, which can both render it effective or paralyze it. We shall have to consider ecumenism both as movement (organized movements as well as the more diffuse aspirations) and as institutions (World Council of Churches, world-wide confessional alliances, Pan-Orthodox Conference, Roman Secretariat for Unity, Second Vatican Council). The historical point of departure of the ecumenical movement can be located at the end of the nineteenth and the... |
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| Essay on The Ecumenical Movement » |
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| Essay on The Orthodox Church |
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| The Orthodox Church Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. Orthodox Christians in America today believe that their church had its origins not in this country but in the land of Palestine nearly 2,000 years ago. This unique community of faith was established by Jesus Christ in a public manner with the call of the first apostles in Galilee. This community of believers was enlivened by the Holy Spirit on the first Pentecost when the apostles and disciples were empowered to begin their missionary activity. This is described in the Book of Acts of the Apostles. Orthodox Christians in America today remember that the first Christians were faithful to the commandment of Christ to preach the gospel to all peoples. Guided by the Holy Spirit, they set out to establish Christian... |
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| Essay on The Orthodox Church » |
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| Essay on The Birth of Christianity |
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| The Birth of Christianity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. The creative source of Christianity was the faith in the risen and glorified Jesus. How did this faith arise? How did there come into being a consciousness of a new object of religious devotion, i.e. Jesus, who had triumphed over death and had become the Christ on the right hand of God? The death of Jesus on the cross seemed to make definite shipwreck of all the expectations which he had planted in the hearts of his disciples. Soon, however, these hopes were destined to be recreated, enriched with greater assurance than ever before, and founded on the certitude that the master had won a definite victory over death. The church expressed and defended this faith in a cycle of stories which stretch from... |
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| Essay on The Birth of Christianity » |
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| Essay on History of American Congregationalism |
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| History of American Congregationalism Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. No Christian communion has ever been quite content until it has claimed for its doctrines, polities, and practices the authority of the New Testament, and usually to the exclusion of any other communion's right to advance such claims. An earlier school of Congregational historians claimed New Testament authority and priority for Congregationalism and supported their claims both with zeal and documentation. Most competent historians would now agree that they made their case too strong. No competent scholar would deny that there have been throughout the entire course of church history marginal movements tending to assume group forms of organization and asserting some independence... |
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| Essay on History of American Congregationalism » |
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| Essay on The Church of England |
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| The Church of England Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. The Church of England as it now exists is the most enigmatic and baffling of the national institutions. It is the very embodiment of paradox. Theoretically it is the Church of the English nation; actually its effective membership is claimed by no more than a petty fraction of the citizens. It is a reformed Church, but it refuses fellowship with all other reformed churches, with the partial exception of the Church of Sweden. It is at once the most authoritative, and the least disciplined of all Protestant churches, the proudest in corporate pretension, the feeblest in corporate power. With all this, the Church of England has been illustrated by a great succession of scholars, statesmen, thinkers... |
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| Essay on The Church of England » |
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| Essay on The Spread of Christianity |
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| The Spread of Christianity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. The first impact of the civilization of Europe upon the ancient civilizations of the Far East, those of India, of Japan, and China, as also upon the half-civilized and uncivilized races of North and South America, came at the end of the fifteenth century. In 1492 a Genoese, Christopher Columbus, in a Spanish ship and bearing a letter to the Khan of Tartary, set out from Palos seeking India and discovered America. He landed on San Salvador. In a later voyage he reached Trinidad and other islands on the coast of South America. In 1497 another Italian, John Cabot, possibly a Genoese but long resident in Venice, sailing from Bristol, England, under the patronage of Henry VII reached Nova Scotia. In a later voyage... |
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| Essay on The Spread of Christianity » |
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| Essay on The Expansion of Christendom |
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| The Expansion of Christendom Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. It might be supposed that the obligation of Christians for the dissemination of their faith would have been felt by the more ardent and responsible among them at all times and in every place. The history of Christianity shows that this has been by no means the case. There have been periods in which the enthusiasm for the carrying of the gospel of Jesus to those who had it not was a conspicuous trait of Christian mind and life. Such eras of missionary activity have alternated, however, with others in which even the most zealous piety took quite another form. There have been ages in which propaganda for Christianity among new peoples practically ceased. There have been centuries during which the boundaries... |
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| Essay on The Expansion of Christendom » |
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| Essay on Christian Monasticism |
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| Christian Monasticism Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. Monasticism is not as old as the Church. It is true that the Church of the fourth century, in which it took shape, thought it found even in the apostolic age essentially similar institutions; but the models which some persons have invoked, and still invoke, as precedents belong chiefly to legend. Yet the ancient Church was not wholly in error in its view. The idea of detachment, of forming close associations within the congregation, and of practicing a special renunciation, could obviously not occur to individuals in the earliest decades of the Church's existence. But those who felt themselves driven by the Spirit of God to dedicate their whole life to the spread of the Gospel, as a rule gave up all their... |
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| Essay on Christian Monasticism » |
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| Essay on The Christian Moral Code |
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| The Christian Moral Code Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. Christ's moral code is religious in its very essence. To express it another way, Christian morality should in structure correspond to religion. Indeed, this is true of all genuine morality, morality which sees man as a creature made in the image of God. This chapter will develop the parallel structure of religion and morality in the following stages. First, if religion is considered phenomenologically, i.e., not as a doctrinal system but rather as something lived, as religious life, we will see that its structure is essentially a dialogue between persons. Secondly, having established the dialogic structure of religion, we will have a criterion by which to evaluate the most widespread moral systems as well as... |
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| Essay on The Christian Moral Code » |
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| Essay on Black Baptist Churches |
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| Black Baptist Churches Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. The cultural origins of the black Baptists are to be found in the South rather than the North as was the case with the founding of the mother congregations of the African Methodist Church and the African Methodist Zion Churches in the mid-1790s. This basic difference still holds true for the black Baptists even though they now dominate the urban scene. Regardless of this preponderance, these churches are still characterized by a distinct Southern religious milieu which stresses enthusiastic and demonstrative worship. The first independent black Baptist congregations were organized in the last half of the eighteenth century, at a time when the American colonies and black Methodists alike were... |
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| Essay on Black Baptist Churches » |
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| Essay on The Apostolic Age |
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| The Apostolic Age Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. The Apostolic Age began with the death of Jesus in 29 or 30 A.D. and ended about the close of the first Christian century. This brief three-quarters of a century is significant primarily because it represented the practical application, the testing, and the crystallizing of the principles of faith and life which Jesus had set forth. Christianity then came into close contact and competition with many rival religions, such as the Roman emperor worship, Greek Cynicism, Epicureanism, Stoicism, Judaism, many Egyptian and oriental cults, and, above all, with the popular mystery religions. In this infinitely complex environment Christianity ceased to be based on certain simple principles proclaimed by Jesus and illustrated... |
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| Essay on The Apostolic Age » |
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| Essay on The Amish People |
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| The Amish People Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Religion. The reliance the Mennonites put on the Bible, in which each man tended to interpret the Scriptures for himself, as well as the lack of an educated ministry, led to disputes and even division within the church. Even before the emigration to Pennsylvania the Amish had split off from the Mennonites. The principal theological difference which caused this split was the Amish doctrine of Meidung--literally avoidance or shunning. Based on the Pauline injunction "not to keep company," "not to eat" with an unfaithful member (I Corinthians 5:11), but to "put away from among yourselves that wicked person," this doctrine is used to correct and punish an erring member. In 1693 Jacob Amman, a Mennonite preacher in the canton... |
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