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The cultural origins of the black Baptists are to be found in the South rather than the North as was the case with the founding of the mother congregations of the African Methodist Church and the African Methodist Zion Churches in the mid-1790s. This basic difference still holds true for the black Baptists even though they now dominate the urban scene. Regardless of this preponderance, these churches are still characterized by a distinct Southern religious milieu which stresses enthusiastic and demonstrative worship.

The first independent black Baptist congregations were organized in the last half of the eighteenth century, at a time when the American colonies and black Methodists alike were issuing their respective declarations of independence. The black Baptists were pursuing no overt political revolts but rather were struggling to carve out a religious space in the midst of the southern plantations that defined their lives as slaves. During the antebellum period, however, fugitive slaves and free Blacks in the North did form abolitionist missionary associations and societies, the leaders of which then organized the first regional black Baptist conventions. Many of the participants in these associations and conventions were for a long time simultaneously involved in white Baptist organizations.

Early in the Reconstruction era, however, an emergent ideology of separatism gave impetus to the organizing of a national black convention. While this first national organization lasted but a dozen years, it established a critical precedent for subsequent efforts.

Today there are eight identifiable black Baptist communions in the United States, the largest ones being the National Baptist Convention, U. S. A., Inc.; the National Baptist Convention of America; and the Progressive National Baptist Convention, Inc. These three conventions, along with the Lott Carey Baptist Foreign Mission Convention share a common ancestry and are the principal focus of Baptist development. Of the remaining four, the largest is the National Primitive Baptist Convention, U. S. A., which originally withdrew from the white Primitive Baptists in 1865 and organized formally in 1907. The National Primitive Baptists have an estimated 250,000 members. The United Free Will Baptist Church began in I870, but did not formally organize as a denomination until 1901. It has an estimated membership of 100,000.

The National Baptist Evangelical Life and Soul Saving Assembly of the U. S. A., a group originally formed in 1920 as part of the National Baptist Convention of America and becoming independent in 1937, has some 50,000 members. The Free For All Missionary Baptist Church, Inc., formed in 1955, has perhaps 10,000 members. In addition to the predominantly black groups, at least 75,000 blacks belong to the Southern Baptist Convention, and at least 150,000 to the American Baptist Churches in the U.S. The American Baptist Churches of the South, an initially integrated but now predominantly black regional unit of the ABC, organized in the early 1970s. . .

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