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The Branch Davidians are an apocalyptic offshoot of the Seventh-Day Adventists. They are best known for their involvement in a standoff with agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms between February and March 1993. After Ellen G. White, the first leader of Seventh Day Adventism, died in 1915, its leaders were unable to choose a clear spiritual successor or establish a strong theological base for continuing the movement. When the Seventh Day Adventists were unable to replace White, replacements came to the fore on their own. Among these was a Hungarian immigrant named Victor Houteff.

Houteff led a reform movement within the movement during the late 1920s that failed to gain majority support. The result of his failure led Houteff and his followers to move to Waco, Texas, in 1935, where they established the Davidian community. Among Houteff's additions to Adventist theology were the beliefs that the apocalypse was imminent and that there would be only 144,000 selected to enter the heavenly kingdom, which would soon be established in Palestine. Houteff died in 1955, failing to lead his people into the heavenly kingdom.

Upon his death, Houteff's wife, Florence, took control of the community and announced that the actual date of the Apocalypse would be April 22, 1959. When the Apocalypse did not take place on this date, a split occurred within the Davidian community, and most of Houteff's followers moved under the aegis of another Davidian leader named Ben Roden. Roden named his community the Branch Davidians, since it was a branch of Houteff's original Davidian movement.

Roden's major addition to Davidian theology was a return to Old Testament praxis. He instituted the celebration of all the ancient Jewish festivals that would have been kept by Jesus. Under Roden's leadership, the Branch Davidian community flourished and grew both in the United States and abroad. When Roden died in 1978, his wife, Lois, took over. In 1977 Lois Roden began to assert that the Holy Spirit was feminine. She claimed to have received this revelation directly from the Holy Spirit Mother. Moreover, she asserted that when the Second Coming occurred, the Messiah would appear in female form. From this point on, Lois Roden's vision of the Davidian mission was one in which the femininity of God was made known to the world. . .

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