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|  Essay on Cell Biology and Medicine |
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| Cell Biology and Medicine Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Health. Virchow's discovery of the connection between cancer and cells helped found a new type of medicine. Within a few years, the transformation of medicine into a modern science would be complete with the discovery that bacteria--also cells--were responsible for a wide range of epidemics such as cholera, tuberculosis, and the plague. Two major figures in this revolution were the German physician Robert Koch (1843-1910) and the French scientist Louis Pasteur (1822-95). The idea that diseases were caused by tiny parasites had a historical precedent. In 36 BC, the Roman scholar Marcus Terrentius Varro had warned people not to build their homes too close to swamps because such areas "breed certain minute creatures... |
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| Essay on Cell Biology and Medicine » |
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| Essay on Rudolf Virchow, the Father of Cell Biology |
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| Rudolf Virchow, the Father of Cell Biology Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Biology & Evolution. Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) was one of the greatest physicians of the 19th century. Upon graduation, Virchow held a double professorship at the University of Berlin and the Charite hospital. There, he treated patients and carried out research related to fundamental questions about cells. In 1858, he took Schleiden and Schwann's observations a step further with his statement of the doctrine Omnis cellula e cellula, "Every cell originates from a similar, previously existing cell." Today, this is such a basic principle of biology that it seems obvious, but at the time many scientists believed that cells could somehow arise by themselves, in a process called spontaneous... |
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| Essay on Rudolf Virchow, the Father of Cell Biology » |
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| Essay on The Discovery of Cells |
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| The Discovery of Cells Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Biology & Evolution. In 1833, Professor Johannes Moller (1801-58) moved from the city of Bonn, Germany, to take up a new position at the Humboldt University of Berlin. Until his death 25 years later, he carried out research into human senses and the nervous system while training an entire generation of young scientists. In the early 19th century, Germany, England, and a few other European countries were the world's hotspots of scientific discovery. Several of Moller's students went on to revolutionize--and in some cases create--the modern fields of cell biology, embryology, and medicine. When Moller moved to Berlin, he brought along a talented student named Theodor Schwann (1810-82). One day at the... |
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| Essay on The Discovery of Cells » |
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| Essay on Fossils and Fossilization |
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| Fossils and Fossilization Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Biology & Evolution. Fossils are the physical evidence of organisms that have been dead for many years, past the normal duration of decomposition; fossilization is the set of processes by which they are formed. When volcanic or other rocks erode, water carries sediment to the continental shelves at the edges of the oceans, where it accumulates in layers called strata. This process is occurring right now. As silt and mud layers are buried, the increased temperature and pressure transforms them into sedimentary rocks. The layers in sedimentary rocks are visually distinguishable. Clay particles become shale, while sand particles become sandstone. Fossils are usually found in sedimentary rocks, since dead plants... |
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| Essay on Fossils and Fossilization » |
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| Essay on Racial Diversity |
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| Racial Diversity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Biology & Evolution. It has always been difficult to either classify or explain the diversity of human appearance. Before the development of Mendelian genetics, it was not clear to most observers that racial characteristics passed from one generation to another without environmental modification. From Greek philosophers such as Aristotle to 18th-century scientists such as the botanist Karl von Linne (Linnaeus) and the anatomist naturalist J. F. Blumenbach, the prevailing idea was that dark skin was caused by the bright sunlight of tropical regions, and that black people would become lighter and white people darker within a few generations of moving to a new climatic region. Furthermore, as reflected in religious beliefs... |
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| Essay on Racial Diversity » |
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| Essay on Physiology and Growth of Organisms |
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| Physiology and Growth of Organisms Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Biology & Evolution. Organisms have limits. In particular, they have limited resources and must allocate those resources among functions. Frequently, to do more of one thing means to do less of another. Organisms accordingly invest resources into those functions that will allow them to obtain more resources and to reproduce more successfully. Consider this simplified example of plant growth. The plant uses its food resources to produce leaves; this is an investment, because the leaves then allow the plant to make more food. However, it must also produce stems, to supply the leaves with water, and to hold the leaves up higher than the leaves of other plants; and roots, which obtain water and... |
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| Essay on Physiology and Growth of Organisms » |
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| Essay on Mass Extinctions |
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| Mass Extinctions Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Biology & Evolution. Mass extinction occurs when many species become extinct at roughly the same time. Extinction may result if populations do not have the genes that allow them to adapt to environmental changes, that is, from "bad genes"; but extinction may also occur suddenly as a result of a worldwide disaster, for which no populations possess genetic resistance, that is, from "bad luck," to use paleontologist David Raup's terminology. Global mass extinctions are usually considered to have resulted from "bad luck." Therefore true mass extinction events may result from rare catastrophic events rather than an acceleration of normal extinction patterns. Most of the geological periods ended with global changes in climate... |
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| Essay on Mass Extinctions » |
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| Essay on The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin |
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| The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Biology & Evolution. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection was Charles Darwin's famous 1859 book that is considered the founding document of modern evolutionary science. It is considered one of the most important books ever written. Evolutionary scientist Ashley Montagu said, "Next to the Bible, no work has been quite as influential, in virtually every aspect of human thought, as The Origin of Species." Shortly after returning from his voyage around the world, marrying, and settling down in England, Darwin formulated his theory of natural selection as the mechanism by which evolution had occurred. His acceptance of uniformitarianism, the numerous observations of biogeography... |
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| Essay on The Origin of Species by Charles Darwin » |
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| Essay on Bacteria, Insects, and Weeds Resistance to Chemicals |
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| Bacteria, Insects, and Weeds Resistance to Chemicals Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Biology & Evolution. Bacteria, insects, and weeds have evolved resistance to the chemical methods used to control them. The most important modern example of natural selection, both in terms of the clear and easily studied process, and of importance to human health and the economy, is the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, pesticide resistance in animals, and herbicide resistance in weeds. As biologist Rachel Carson wrote in 1962, "If Darwin were alive today the insect world would delight and astound him with its impressive verification of his theories of the survival of the fittest. Under the stress of intensive chemical spraying the weaker members of the insect populations... |
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| Essay on Bacteria, Insects, and Weeds Resistance to Chemicals » |
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| Essay on Evolutionary Reasons for Sex |
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| Evolutionary Reasons for Sex Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Biology & Evolution. Scientists have long puzzled over the evolution of sex. Why do organisms go through all the trouble of producing eggs and sperm, when they could just produce copies of themselves? Some plants produce new plants from specialized structures such as runners, rhizomes, bulbs, or corms. Such asexual propagation is a common way for humans to make cuttings from plants. Individuals from asexual propagation are much more likely to survive than seeds. A runner from a plant, for example, is much larger than a seed, and thus more likely to survive; moreover, the runner can remain attached to the parent plant and be fed by it until it is large enough that its survival is... |
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| Essay on Evolutionary Reasons for Sex » |
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| Essay on Biochemistry of Metabolism |
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| Biochemistry of Metabolism Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Biology & Evolution. Biochemists have been instrumental in elucidating the metabolic processes of organisms. The resolution of the processes of photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and fermentation has applications across biological sciences, physiology, and medicine. Bioenergetics involves the study of the production and utilization of ATP, a high-energy molecule used by cells or living organisms. Metabolic processes that involve the building up of compounds by using cellular energy are known as anabolism, an example of which is photosynthesis. Processes involving the breakdown of compounds are known as catabolism, an example of which is glycolysis. Photosynthetic organisms (autotrophs) capture the energy... |
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| Essay on Biochemistry of Metabolism » |
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