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| You Are Here: Home > Essay Topics > Science and Technology Essays & Research Papers > Computer Science & Technology |
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|  Essay on Computers and Biology |
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| Computers and Biology Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Computer Technologies. The revolution in biology that started in the second half of the 20th century has depended on an equally amazing revolution in computers in a significant way. It is not surprising that the two fields have found a great deal of overlap. First, many of today's experiments produce huge amounts of data that cannot be captured or stored without computers. Analyzing it may involve comparing billions of pieces of information to billions of others-- also impossible without the help of machines... |
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| Essay on Computers and Biology » |
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| Essay on The Microchip |
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| The Microchip Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Computer Technologies. Jack St. Clair Kilby's solution to the miniaturization problem that faced the electronics industry in the late 1950's was both elegant and far-reaching. Kilby's role in the development of the integrated circuit, or microchip, is usually presented as conceptual, but he also worked on the prototypes of actual chips at Texas Instruments (TI) in the late 1950's and early 1960's. His starting point was TI's method of making transistors. Early transistors were of the point-contact type: negatively charged and positively... |
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| Essay on The Microchip » |
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| Essay on The Success of the iPod |
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| The Success of the iPod Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Computer Technologies. Although digital audio players (usually called MP3 players) had existed before the iPod, they generally had little memory, confusing controls, limited features, and a clunky appearance. MP3 players were not regarded as a serious substitute for a portable cassette or CD player. When Steve Jobs introduced the iPod in 2001, he gave the world an MP3 player that was both elegant and functional. The smooth white plastic surface of its case had a sensuous quality that fairly begged to be handled... |
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| Essay on The Success of the iPod » |
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| Essay on The Microprocessor |
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| The Microprocessor Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Computer Technologies. The microprocessor is the key technology of the digital revolution, much as the steam engine was central to the Industrial Revolution. The microprocessor is an outgrowth of the integrated circuit, which in turn was a response to the "tyranny of numbers" that developed as transistors replaced vacuum tubes. Because discrete transistors were so small, it was very difficult to solder all of them into a circuit board properly. If the transistors could all be made together on a single wafer of silicon along with the necessary... |
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| Essay on The Microprocessor » |
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| Essay on Magnetic Core Memory |
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| Magnetic Core Memory Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Computer Technologies. In the early 1950's, Jay Wright Forrester discovered and developed magnetic core memory, which was used in the first parallel digital computers. Core memories increased the speed and reliability of computers compared to the analog computers of the 1940's. Each magnetic core memory unit had three sets of magnetic wires, called the X, Y, and Z wires. The wires allowed the core to be magnetically switched from a clockwise to a counterclockwise field, which relates to the on-off memory... |
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| Essay on Magnetic Core Memory » |
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| Essay on The Intel 4004 Microprocessor |
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| The Intel 4004 Microprocessor Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Computer Technologies. In 1969, the Japanese corporation Busicom (formerly Nippon Calculating Machine Corporation) approached Intel to produce twelve computer chips for its 141-PF printing calculator. However, Intel was still a small company at the time and did not have the resources to produce twelve different chips. Therefore, Intel engineers Marcian Edward "Ted" Hoff, Jr., and Stanley Mazor counter-proposed a four-chip design in which one of the chips, which was eventually designated the 4004... |
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| Essay on The Intel 4004 Microprocessor » |
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| Essay on The Apple iPod |
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| The Apple iPod Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Computer Technologies. The iPod is a portable media player designed by Apple for the storage and playback of audio files encoded by MP3 (MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3) or AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) compression algorithms. Originally developed by Dolby Labs as part of the MPEG-4 audio/video standard, AAC differs from MP3 in its ability to support digital rights management (DRM). DRM was developed as a solution to the problems that arose from file-sharing Websites and music piracy by encoding legally purchased songs with digital signatures... |
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| Essay on The Apple iPod » |
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| Essay on ENIAC |
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| ENIAC Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Computer Technologies. The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, or ENIAC, was the most complex electronic equipment of any kind at the time it was built. It was programmable and used conditional (if-then) branching logic. Though the ENIAC was programmable, reprogramming the machine could take days. To give the computer new instructions, the operator had to change external wiring manually, similar to how a telephone operator used to rearrange plugs on a switchboard. The ENIAC had been designed to calculate trajectories... |
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| Essay on ENIAC » |
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| Essay on Microcomputer ISA Bus |
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| Microcomputer ISA Bus Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Computer Technologies. Mark Dean considered existing computer bus technology when he designed improved bus architecture for IBM personal computers (PCs) with colleague Dennis Moeller in the early 1980's. Prior to their bus invention, most microcomputers contained a bus with 8 bits, referring to the basic memory unit in a binary number system. Dean wanted to create a 16-bit bus with greater memory capacity. He consulted several patents issued in the late 1970's for relevant inventions, such as "Peripheral Processing System" (number 4,047,158)... |
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| Essay on Microcomputer ISA Bus » |
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| Essay on The 6600 Computer |
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| The 6600 Computer Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Computer Technologies. Supervised by Seymour Cray, with system design by James E. Thornton, the CDC 6600 was the second major product to come from Cray's work for the Control Data Corporation (CDC). Building on the success of the CDC 1604, Cray continued using transistors for logic gates but switched from germanium to silicon, to overcome speed limitations. Another speed-boosting innovation was Cray's use of multiple processors: The 6600's central processor was freed from input and output tasks, which were handled by external... |
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| Essay on The 6600 Computer » |
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| Essay on Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) |
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| Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Computer Technologies. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is a suite of protocols, or a common language, allowing for the management of the transmission of information between interconnected computers and interconnected networks. Using TCP/IP, the network, rather than the individual computers that make up the network, becomes responsible for routing the packets of data. Designed primarily by Vinton Gray Cerf and Bob Kahn, the TCP/IP suite was established to determine... |
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| Essay on Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) » |
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| Essay on The World Wide Web |
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| The World Wide Web Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Computer Technologies. The concept of the World Wide Web (WWW) was the result of the need of scientists worldwide to be able to communicate quickly and easily with each other and to access information. The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) was the site at which the research and development of the concept began. The CERN laboratories served as a focal point for scientists working in universities and national laboratories throughout the world. Many of these scientists spent some time actually working at CERN... |
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| Essay on The World Wide Web » |
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| Essay on Pong Video Game |
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| Pong Video Game Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Computer Technologies. Pong was the first commercial video game to achieve widespread popularity. There were two slightly earlier but less successful inventions that introduced certain features brought together in Pong. The first was Nolan K. Bushnell and Ted Dabney's Computer Space, released by Nutting Associates in 1971. Computer Space was a coin-operated self-contained video game that used hard-wired discrete logic gates made from inexpensive components (rather than a program running on a central processing unit) to achieve a complex... |
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| Essay on Pong Video Game » |
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| Essay on The Charge-Coupled Device |
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| The Charge-Coupled Device Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Computer Technologies. Willard S. Boyle and George E. Smith originally envisioned the charge-coupled device (CCD) to be used for memory storage. The device in its simplest form can be seen as a row of discrete capacitor units made from semiconducting materials. As the name suggests, capacitors are vessels capable of storing electrical charge, and so either the presence or lack of charge in a series of units can be interpreted as a series of ones and zeros, hence the possibility of a binary memory system... |
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| Essay on The Charge-Coupled Device » |
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| Essay on UDIs, Hypertext, WWW, HTML, and a Linked World |
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| UDIs, Hypertext, WWW, HTML, and a Linked World Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Computer Technologies. Tim Berners-Lee's dream was to create a common information space in which people engage in communication through the sharing of information via hypertext links. Hypertext is, simply put, a text command on one computer that will lead a user to a related piece of information that resides in another computer. That notion of linking is the very basis of the Web. Berners-Lee made this possible by creating a number of smaller components that were necessary to make the hypertext linking... |
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| Essay on UDIs, Hypertext, WWW, HTML, and a Linked World » |
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| Essay on The Atanasoff-Berry Computer |
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| The Atanasoff-Berry Computer Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Computer Technologies. The Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) was the size of a large desk or chest freezer and probably weighed almost seven hundred pounds. All the parts were mounted on a metal frame. There was an operator's control console on top with numerous switches, buttons, meters, and lights. Underneath the console was the arithmetic unit (performed addition and subtraction), which contained more than two hundred vacuum tubes. Beside it was a card reader and puncher for input and output. Two rotating drums... |
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| Essay on The Atanasoff-Berry Computer » |
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| Essay on Mosaic and Navigator Browsers |
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| Mosaic and Navigator Browsers Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Computer Technologies. A Web browser is a software program that displays Webpages on a user's computer and allows him or her to "surf" the World Wide Web. Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina brought together all the potential that Tim Berners-Lee's World Wide Web technology had to offer, making their browser accessible and the Web easy to navigate. Earlier browsers such as Cello, Erwise, and ViolaWWW failed to deliver on either the integration of features or ease of use. As a browser, Mosaic allowed seasoned users to continue to have... |
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| Essay on Mosaic and Navigator Browsers » |
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| Essay on Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) |
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| Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Computer Technologies. Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) is any form of communication between two or more individual people who interact and/or influence each other via separate computers through the Internet or a network connection - using social software. CMC does not include the methods by which two computers communicate, but rather how people communicate via computers. It is only peripherally concerned with any common work product created. What constitutes interaction on the Internet today... |
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| Essay on Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) » |
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| Essay on Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) |
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| Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Computer Technologies. Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) may be defined as 'the search for and study of applications of the computer in language teaching and learning'. The name is a fairly recent one: the existence of CALL in the academic literature has been recognizable for about the last thirty years. The subject is interdisciplinary in nature, and it has evolved out of early efforts to find ways of using the computer for teaching or for instructional purposes across a wide variety of subject areas... |
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| Essay on Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) » |
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| Essay on Genderizing Computer Games |
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| Genderizing Computer Games Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Computer Technologies. Computer game is a computer-controlled game that players may interact with. A video game is a computer game where a video display such as a monitor or television is the primary feedback device. These terms are not always interchangeable as some games, particularly older games, do not use a video display. Usually there are rules and goals, but in more open-ended games the player may be free to do whatever they like within the confines of the virtual universe. The phrase interactive entertainment... |
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| Essay on Genderizing Computer Games » |
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| Essay on Computer Crime |
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| Computer Crime Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Computer Technologies. Computer crime is generally defined as any crime accomplished through special knowledge of computer technology. Increasing instances of white-collar crime involve computers as more businesses automate and the information held by the computers becomes an important asset. Computers can also become objects of crime when they or their contents are damaged, for example when vandals attack the computer itself, or when a "computer virus" a program capable of altering or erasing computer memory is introduced into... |
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| Essay on Computer Crime » |
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| Essay on Computer Addiction |
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| Computer Addiction Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Computer Technologies. Computer addiction is an obsessive addiction to computers. The term was used by M. Shotton in 1989 in her book Computer addiction. It is relatively recent academically, since widespread use of computers by the general public for non-professional purposes only began in the 1990s. However, there are examples of obsessive recreational users dating back to the first time-shared computer games, and many NetNews users were considered obsessive in the 1980s. An extension of this behavior... |
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| Essay on Computer Addiction » |
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| Essay on Computer Ethics |
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| Computer Ethics Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Computer Technologies. Eugene H. Spafford, Department of Computer Science, Purdue University has written an article which discusses the ethics of breaking into computers. There is the view held by some people that there is not much damage caused when this happens, because this may be intended to serve as a useful purpose. Others however, state that break-ins are almost always harmful and wrong. The article defines ethics as being 'the discipline of dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation'... |
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| Essay on Computer Ethics » |
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| Essay on Computer Culture |
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| Computer Culture Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Computer Technologies. Many Hackers, Crackers, Cyberpunks, and Phreakers, have jobs, and middle-aged family men residing in suburbia area, respectable people but still hack for leisure. Many still stay-put in the computer industry and have significantly contributed to computer technology advancement. Not all Hackers are nerdy computer geek hides in basement like vampire. A security software ad, mentioned only external parties attempted unauthorized access which many companies mistakenly assumed. Essentially, keeping away outside intruder... |
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| Essay on Computer Culture » |
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