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|  Essay on Children with ADHD and Their Parents |
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| Children with ADHD and Their Parents Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. While the debate rages on about the proper conceptualization of ADHD behaviors, parents and children are caught in the middle. Much research has found that actions consistent with ADHD in a child have negative implications for that child's relationship with his or her parents. In general, households with children who have ADHD are characterized by higher parental stress and distress and more parent-child conflict than households without children who have ADHD. Studies of parents' self-reports find that mothers and fathers of these children have trouble relating to their off spring, often lack a sense of closeness with the child, and view themselves as less skilled and competent... |
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| Free Essay on ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)» |
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| Essay on ADHD Controversy: ADHD as Social Construction |
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| ADHD Controversy: ADHD as Social Construction Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. In addition to the perspectives of ADHD as disease and the medicalization of ADHD is the view of ADHD as social construction. According to social psychology, humans are driven by the desire to make sense of the world around them. Individuals observe one another's behavior, interact in situations, and perform acts, all to which they constantly try to attach definitions to help them understand the world and their place in it. This process is social and varies based on situational, historical, and other factors, which means that society's understandings can change over time. Several authors believe this has occurred with the interpretation of youthful conduct. Ideas about desirable... |
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| Free Essay on ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)» |
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| Essay on ADHD Controversy: The Medicalization of ADHD |
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| ADHD Controversy: The Medicalization of ADHD Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Another perspective on ADHD is that it, like a number of other social issues, has been subjected to the process of medicalization. Prominent medicalization researchers and others cite as key elements of the medicalizing of ADHD the changing views of children in the United States, the unprecedented power of the medical profession, and the clout of pharmaceutical companies offering so-called miracle drugs to fi x behavioral problems. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, children were seen as miniature adults rather than members of a special life stage prior to adulthood. Children were considered responsible and were expected to become productive members of society at early ages... |
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| Free Essay on ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)» |
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| Essay on ADHD Controversy: ADHD as a Disease |
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| ADHD Controversy: ADHD as a Disease Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. The underlying assumption of a medical model of ADHD is that some recognized standard of behavior, one that is displayed by the majority of the populace, is absent in an individual. The absence of the expected behavior is attributed to an illness or disease, which, once properly diagnosed, can be treated to help bring about more desired behavior. Many psychologists, psychiatrists, physicians, and other clinicians, as well as parents, teachers, and members of the general public, believe this model is appropriate for ADHD. The idea that inattentiveness and hyperactivity in children indicate a disorder originated near the turn of the 20th century. The condition, then termed hyperkinetic... |
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| Free Essay on ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)» |
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| Essay on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) |
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| Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Parents often agonize over a child's behavior, wondering if their child is just unruly or if there might be a medical cause to problems experienced in school and other rigid settings. Increasingly, parents are finding a diagnosis--attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)--to account for some of the behavior issues that make parenting a particularly challenging activity. According to the medical community, ADHD is a neurological disorder primarily characterized by inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. ADHD is generally detected in childhood, but increasing numbers of individuals are being diagnosed in adulthood. The vast majority of identified ADHD sufferers... |
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| Free Essay on ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)» |
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| Essay on The Impact of Restrictive Abortion Legislation |
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| The Impact of Restrictive Abortion Legislation Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Abortion is one of the most common and safest medical procedures that women age 15 to 44 can undergo in the United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau's 2010 Statistical Abstract, which combines figures reported by the Centers for Disease Control and the individual states, approximately 1.2 million abortions were performed in the United States in 2005. Among women aged 15 to 44, the abortion rate declined from 27 out of 1,000 in 1990 to 19.4 out of 1,000 in 2005. The number of abortions and the rate of abortions have declined over the years, partly as a result of improved methods of birth control and partly as a result of decreased access to abortion services. The number... |
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| Free Essay on Abortion Issues» |
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| Essay on The Legal Right to Abortion |
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| The Legal Right to Abortion Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Two important legal cases reviewed by the U.S. Supreme Court in the 1970s established the legal right to abortion. In the first and more important case, Roe v. Wade (1973), the court overturned a Texas law that prohibited abortions in all circumstances except when the pregnant woman's life was endangered. In a second companion case, Doe v. Bolton (1973), the high court ruled that denying a woman the right to decide whether to carry a pregnancy to term violated privacy rights guaranteed under the U.S. Constitution's Bill of Rights. These decisions, rendered by a 7-2 vote by the Supreme Court justices in 1973, struck down state statutes outlawing abortion and laid the groundwork for one of the most... |
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| Free Essay on Abortion Issues» |
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| Essay on Early Abortion Laws |
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| Early Abortion Laws Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Laws governing abortion up until the early 19th century were modeled after English Common Law, which criminalized abortion after "quickening," or the point in fetal gestational development where a woman could feel fetal movement. Prior to quickening, the fetus was believed to be little more than a mass of undifferentiated cells. Concurrent with the formal organization of the American Medical Association in the mid-1800s, increasingly restrictive abortion laws were enacted. In general, these laws were designed to decrease competition between physicians and midwives, as well as other lay practitioners of medicine, including pharmacists. A few short years later, the New York Society for the... |
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| Free Essay on Abortion Issues» |
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| Essay on Abortion as a Social Problem |
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| Abortion as a Social Problem Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. As a contemporary social issue, elective abortion raises important questions about the rights of pregnant women, the meaning of motherhood, and the rights of fetuses. Since the late 1960s, abortion has been a key issue in the contemporary U.S. culture wars. The term culture wars refers to ongoing political debates over contemporary social issues, including not only abortion but also homosexuality, the death penalty, and euthanasia. Culture wars arise from conflicting sets of values between conservatives and progressives. The culture war debates, particularly those surrounding the issue of abortion, remain contentious among the American public. The debates have resulted in disparate and strongly... |
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| Free Essay on Abortion Issues» |
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| Essay on Infanticide Definition and History |
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| Infanticide Definition and History Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Marriage and Family Life. Infanticide entails actions that result in the death of an infant of the same species. Several species commit infanticide, including birds (e.g., skuas and egrets) and mammals (e.g., gerbils, wild stallions, Serengeti lions, and primates such as langurs, gorillas, and humans). Among species other than humans, infanticide is usually carried out by an invading male to increase his reproductive chances by eliminating the young of a rival male so as to force the female to mate with him. Among humans, infanticide may range from deliberate to not fully conscious actions that result in the death of a child typically less than twelve months of age. The age may vary, however, depending on cultural... |
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| Free Essay on Abortion Issues» |
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| Essay on Debate over the Causes of Addiction |
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| Debate over the Causes of Addiction Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Not all doctors agree on what constitutes addiction. Traditionally, addiction has been defined as only possible when a substance is ingested that temporarily alters the natural chemical behavior of the brain to produce the euphoric high associated with these drugs. However, over time, people have begun to feel that there should be an alteration of the definition of addiction to include psychological dependency on such things as gambling, food, sex, pornography, computers, work, exercise, cutting, shopping, and so forth. These activities do not alter the natural chemical behavior of the brain when they are performed; thus, they do not fit into the traditional views... |
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| Free Essay on Addiction Issues» |
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| Essay on Types of Addiction |
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| Types of Addiction Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Addiction is a recurring compulsion or need by an individual to engage in some particular activity or to consume some specific substance. The activity or substance becomes the sole focus in an addicted individual's life. He or she begins to lose interest in other activities, loses focus on goals that were once important, and will begin to abandon normal behavior in order to gain access to the addictive activity. As the need for the activity or substance grows, the individual will do anything for the substance. In extreme cases, the addict even breaks laws in order to continue engaging in the activity or substance. Family is often the target of the illegal activity and may pay stiff penalties in... |
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| Free Essay on Addiction Issues» |
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| Essay on Addiction and Family |
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| Addiction and Family Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Addiction has become an increasingly large problem in the United States over the past few decades. Jails have become overcrowded with those who are caught selling and using addictive substances. It has become the social norm for celebrities to be in and out of addiction rehabilitation centers every other week, and activities such as gambling and overeating have been labeled, along with substances such as alcohol and cocaine, as potentially addictive. Once a narrowly defined term, addiction, or dependence, has been expanded to describe behaviors or activities that one wouldn't normally think of as being addictive. Among the more recent uses of the term are food addicts, sex addicts, and Internet addicts... |
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| Free Essay on Addiction Issues» |
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| Essay on The Foster Family |
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| The Foster Family Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Research has indicated that "children who are placed in group homes are more likely to experience emotional disturbance and behavioral problems than those who are placed with families" (Perry 2006). According to Perry, this is because the foster family will provide a less disruptive environment for a youth than a group home, because a family environment is more structured to his or her normal life. Most social workers want to put children in the least disruptive environment possible in order for them to either keep or regain stability in their life. So how can a foster family do this? A foster family must exhibit five things to be successful: communication, integration, flexibility, compassion... |
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| Free Essay on Adoption and Foster Care» |
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| Essay on Foster Care Values |
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| Foster Care Values Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Foster care can be thought of as being based on three main values. First, maternal de- privation in the early years of life has an adverse effect on personality development, and later difficulties of the individual can be traced to a breakdown in this early relationship. This value shows the focus on child development at an early age and the need of social workers to become more engaged early with children from troubled homes. The second value maintains that the parent-child relationship is of vital importance; all efforts must be made to restore it. No child should be deprived of his or her natural parents for economic reasons alone. If, for some extreme reason, a child's own parents cannot take care... |
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| Free Essay on Adoption and Foster Care» |
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| Essay on Foster Care in the United States |
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| Foster Care in the United States Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. English colonists arriving in the United States brought the Poor Law system with them. Long after the American Revolution, the well-established tradition continued to in- form poverty practices. During the beginning of the 19th century, adults and children were cared for with very little or no distinction. Almshouses were gaining in popularity for the care of both the children and the elderly in large cities. Almshouses were privately funded (usually through churches) houses that cared primarily for the poor and destitute. Agencies that cared for destitute children tended to spring up from two sources. The first of these was from public bodies that would act as representatives for... |
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| Free Essay on Adoption and Foster Care» |
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| Essay on Foster Care |
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| Foster Care Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Defining foster care is a challenge. The most often stated definition for foster care is "care given outside a child's natural home for more than 24 hours when the child's home is not available to him or her excluding children at camps, in hospitals, or on weekend visits" (Stone 1970). This definition implies that the parents cannot provide adequate care for some serious reason. The essential element of foster care is child rearing responsibility shared with the child welfare agency, the original parents, the foster parents, the child care staff, and social workers. Foster care also has an expectation that it is of a limited duration; it is not a permanent method of child rearing but a temporary solution... |
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| Free Essay on Adoption and Foster Care» |
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| Essay on Transracial Adoption Pros and Cons |
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| Transracial Adoption Pros and Cons Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. One of the main arguments against transracial adoption is that white parents will not be able to give a black child a cultural identity and survival skills in a racially diverse society. NABSW says that child socialization begins at birth, but the needs of black children differ from those of white children. Black children need to learn coping mechanisms to function in a society where racism is prevalent. Black families are capable of teaching these mechanisms in everyday life without having to seek out special projects or activities. They live their lives in a white-dominated society, and their children learn by daily interactions. Even when white adoptive families actively... |
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| Free Essay on Adoption and Foster Care» |
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| Essay on The Nature of the American Interest Group System |
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| The Nature of the American Interest Group System Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. When the French aristocrat Alex de Tocqueville toured the new American nation in the 1830s, he was amazed by the tendency of Americans to organize interest groups to advocate social change. Compared to the politics of "Old Europe," Americans preferred to use political organizations to pursue their social objectives. Modern comparative political science supports that conclusion. Among the peoples of developed nations, Americans belong to more interests groups than any other people and expect these groups to promote their interests and preferences for them. Those in the other developed nations tend to leave such tasks to political parties (Hrebenar 1997). The Encyclopedia... |
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| Free Essay on Business and Finance» |
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| Essay on Interest Groups and Lobbying |
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| Interest Groups and Lobbying Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Virtually any discussion of contemporary American social issues has to be framed within the vast array of interest groups and lobbyists who advocate for or resist the adoption of new policies. Of all the nations in the world, interest groups and lobbyists are more important to the outcomes of social issues in the United States and especially in the contemporary political era. If one just follows the course of U.S. politics by reading the political articles in the New York Times or the Washington Post, one would quickly notice that almost every social issue is understood by an examination of the powerful interest groups involved in the political battles. The essence of the process of U.S. politics... |
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| Free Essay on Business and Finance» |
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| Essay on CEO Pay Controversy: Pros and Cons |
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| CEO Pay Controversy: Pros and Cons Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Top Executives Are Not Overpaid. This side of the argument is based on the premise that top executives are paid well, but not overpaid. Many people see CEO pay packages but do not look further to see that a CEO's pay is not the whole story. What are the factors that might support a high executive compensation package? Only Extreme Cases of Overpay Hit the Press. Proponents of the argument that top executives are not overpaid state that most of the complaints about executive compensation center around extreme cases of overpay, and such cases blind us to the fact that the majority of executives are paid fairly. One example of this is the case of Lee Raymond, former head of Exxon Mobile... |
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| Free Essay on Business and Finance» |
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| Essay on Executive Pay Controversy |
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| Executive Pay Controversy Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. The U.S. media have made much out of executive pay recently, which reflects a widespread popular dissatisfaction with the way companies compensate their top officers. Even as stock prices fell dramatically in the midst of the 2008-2009 financial crisis, for example, some chief executives' compensation remained stable or increased. Is it fair that, in 2009, following massive job cuts at companies such as Ford, Starbucks, Dow Chemical, Whirlpool, and American Express, the CEOs of these organizations received stock options valued at between $17 million (Whirlpool) and $53 million (Ford) (Schwartz 2010)? (Such options, of course, are only part of the standard executive compensation package... |
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| Free Essay on Business and Finance» |
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| Essay on State Reform Efforts in Election Campaign Financing |
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| State Reform Efforts in Election Campaign Financing Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. In the post-FECA and post-BCRA eras, state governments have also approved campaign finance initiatives. Trying to reduce the role of money in politics, a number of these initiatives sharply limit the amount of campaign contributions, and some states and localities have adopted public financing of campaign measures, which supporters call Clean Elections, Clean Money. Numerous states have launched and won approval of campaign finance reform initiatives. All states have reporting requirements, with two states mandating reports from political committees only and the rest requiring candidate and committee reports. The majority of states place candidate... |
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| Free Essay on Business and Finance» |
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| Essay on Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse |
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| Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Child Abuse. During the first decade that reported child abuse case data were reliably collected in the United States (1986-1996), the frequency of child sexual abuse doubled. However, in the past decade, a 40% decrease in substantiated cases has been observed (from 1992 to 2000, substantiated cases decreased from to 140,800 to 89,355). Analysis of these data suggests that a real decline has occurred, and this is not just an artifact of changes in substantiation or data-collection practices. Hypotheses regarding this decline include the impact of aggressive prosecution and incarceration of sex offenders. Between 1991 and 1997 the incarceration in state correctional facilities for sex crimes... |
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| Free Essay on Child Abuse» |
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| Essay on Treatment for Child Sexual Abuse Victims and Offenders |
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| Treatment for Child Sexual Abuse Victims and Offenders Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Child Abuse. A child-centered approach, where the decisions and actions are examined in the child's best interest, is employed by understanding how the abuse affected the child while acknowledging that abuse affects each person differently. In addition to acting in a manner that is congruent with the child's wishes, a child-centered approach also attempts to ensure that the child's best interests have been met. Individual, group, and family therapy models are used in treatment. When a sexually abused child has posttraumatic stress reactions, abuse-specific cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) has been shown to be helpful, especially with school-aged children. Components of this therapy... |
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| Free Essay on Child Abuse» |
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| Essay on Child Sexual Abuse Impact and Effects |
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| Child Sexual Abuse Impact and Effects Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Child Abuse. At the time of initial assessment for child abuse, as many as 40% of children do not manifest clinical symptoms. When a broad definition of child sexual abuse is used (that includes a single incident that was not physically invasive) in college student samples, most people surveyed say they have not experienced significant long-term negative consequences. However, there are quite pronounced negative consequences for some. The effects of child sexual abuse are unique and experienced differently for every victim. When sexual abuse causes harm, it can interfere with normal child development and can increase the risk for emotional challenges or maladjustment in adolescence... |
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| Free Essay on Child Abuse» |
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| Essay on What Is Child Sexual Abuse? |
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| What Is Child Sexual Abuse? Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Child Abuse. There is no universally accepted definition for child sexual abuse; definitions vary in legal versus clinical settings. Discrepancies that arise when trying to define child sexual abuse include variations in the age for how old one considers a child to be, as well as what one believes to be inappropriate sexual behavior. In addition, the capacity of a child to give "informed consent" to a sexual activity and a child's vulnerability to manipulation or coercion are also considered. Regardless of the difficulties in trying to standardize the definition of child sexual abuse, it is often defined based on the types of sexual behavior that occurred, the age and relationship of the... |
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| Free Essay on Child Abuse» |
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| Essay on Incest as Child Abuse |
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| Incest as Child Abuse Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Child Abuse. The legal definition of incest varies from state to state, but most often includes a prohibition of sexual contact between persons who are related by blood and/or social ties. Most states consider that minor children cannot give consent before a defined age and therefore child/adult incest is a criminal act, whether or not there is coercion or violence involved. Some theorists and researchers have broadened the term to include any sexual betrayal of a relationship of trust between a child and an adult. This definition emphasizes the psychological trauma that occurs with childhood sexual abuse. Accurate prevalence statistics are difficult to obtain. Most researchers agree that between... |
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| Free Essay on Child Abuse» |
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| Essay on Child Support System and Fathers' Rights Activists |
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| Child Support System and Fathers' Rights Activists Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Overall, fathers' rights activists find that the current child support system is a gender-biased system that discriminates against men. However, these activists' dissatisfaction with the child support system begins prior to the child support order, with the divorce proceedings. Many divorced men argue that awarding sole maternal custody denies a father equal rights. Yet many fathers admit that they do not want the responsibility of caring for their children on a daily basis but do want to continue the parenting role and visit with their children regularly. A second issue that concerns fathers' rights activists is that mothers are awarded unjust child support payments... |
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| Free Essay on Child Care & Support» |
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| Essay on Child Advocates |
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| Child Advocates Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Child advocates argue that the child support system has improved but suggest that more changes are needed to improve the health and well-being of children and to lift families out of poverty. For instance, the number of custodial parents receiving full private child support payments has increased over the last 10 years, from 36.9 percent to 45.3 percent. In contrast, among custodial parents who live below the poverty line, only 35 percent received all the private child support that was due. In terms of public child support-related services, advocates argue that these services rarely prevent poverty and, in fact, are a poverty trap. Public child support services provide meager, below-poverty-level... |
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| Free Essay on Child Care & Support» |
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| Essay on Child Support in the United States |
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| Child Support in the United States Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Child support in its present form has not always existed. Initially child support was considered a civil matter. Since the arrival of settlers in America, child support has existed in some form, with parental responsibility at the heart of collections of aid. Child support has its foundations in the Elizabethan Poor Laws of 1601, sometimes referred to as the English Poor Laws. The English Poor Laws were a system of relief to the poor that was financed and administered at the local level (parishes). The poor were divided into three groups: able-bodied adults, children, and the elderly or non-able-bodied. The overseers of the poor relief system were to put the able-bodied to work... |
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| Free Essay on Child Care & Support» |
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| Essay on Child Support and Deadbeat Parents |
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| Child Support and Deadbeat Parents Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. A question that has appeared in recent years, largely as a result of the increases in divorce and nonmarital child bearing, is the question of whether child support enforcement leads to an increase in deadbeat parents. Over the last few decades, the United States has witnessed an increase in the number of parents, mainly fathers, who are not taking responsibility for their children. Many of these parents have come to public attention through the child support system. The child support system is fundamentally an economic phenomenon run by the various states with federal oversight and guidelines. Historically, its focus was on either recovering welfare money for the government... |
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| Free Essay on Child Care & Support» |
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| Essay on Child Care Challenges |
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| Child Care Challenges Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Formalized child care has often been described as a patchwork system of caring for children. This description of child care is used because there is no formal or comprehensive style of caring for children outside of the immediate family. Parents, especially mothers, often feel immense frustration, because few options and conversely many gaps exist in securing child care. For example, licensed child care rarely exists after 6:00 p.m. This can be an insurmountable problem for women whose work hours do not fit the typical 9-to-5 workday. The securing of infant care can also add to the challenge of child care. Normally, infant care is quite time intensive for providers, and they must subsequently... |
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| Free Essay on Child Care & Support» |
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| Essay on Sexual Abuse of Minors by Roman Catholic Priests |
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| Sexual Abuse of Minors by Roman Catholic Priests Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. In 2003, the archdiocese of Boston paid $85 million to 552 people who claimed sexual abuse by Roman Catholic priests. In 2004, the diocese of Orange in California settled 90 abuse claims for $100 million. In November 2004, the USCCB established a data collection procedure, whereby dioceses make annual reports regarding allegations of sexual abuse of minors by priests and deacons and the costs associated with the abuse. The Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate (CARA) at Georgetown University was given responsibility for compiling and reporting the data. According to the CARA reports, there were 898 new allegations of sexual abuse of minors by clergy in 2004, 695 new... |
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| Free Essay on Church and Religion» |
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| Essay on Priests Sexual Abuse Scandal |
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| Priests Sexual Abuse Scandal Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Beginning in the mid-1980s, a series of court cases began to reveal the extent of sexual abuse committed by clergy in various religious contexts. Although the popular press has tended to associate the clergy abuse scandals as a "Catholic" issue, in fact, the problem is widespread in many religious contexts, including non-Christian religions as well. Although the focus here is on the crisis in the American Catholic Church, in 1990, a survey conducted by the Center for Ethics and Social Policy at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California, discovered that 10 percent of clergy from across many Protestant Christian denominations that were surveyed said that they had been sexually... |
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| Free Essay on Church and Religion» |
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| Essay on Religion and Universities |
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| Religion and Universities Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Education. One of the Middle Ages' greatest contributions to later culture is the creation of the university. Antiquity had nothing similar, but an entity resembling what we call a university (from the medieval Latin universitas, meaning something done collectively) does appear in the twelfth century. In France, for example, the schools attached to the various churches of Paris gradually merged into a single entity, its existence given formal recognition by a charter from the king in 1200. The titles still given to university... |
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| Free Essay on Church and Religion» |
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| Essay on Law, Order, Culture, and Religion |
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| Law, Order, Culture, and Religion Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sociology. As increasingly dense populations develop and cities begin to form, community members have to create some type of government to direct public affairs, such as festivals and ceremonies. They also need a system of law and law enforcement to protect the individual members of the community and the community as a whole. Community leaders usually direct the formation of a military force to protect the community from attack by outsiders. Once law and order are established, community members can focus on projects or activities that improve community life. Rulers may hire architects to build large structures for public events or to design great monuments that commemorate religious figures or powerful leaders... |
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| Free Essay on Church and Religion» |
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| Essay on Cult and Cultism |
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| Cult and Cultism Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sociology. A cult is a social group that is usually associated with a dominant, forceful leader. Cults often have religious and political overtones. For example, in the United States, several religious cults have formed around charismatic leaders who claimed to be the Christ or God. The cult leader usually demands total submission to himself or herself, claiming absolute authority over the members of the cult. Often, religious cults will revolve around a belief in the imminent end of the world and preparation for the destruction of Earth. Frequently, cults separate themselves from the larger society and prepare for the end by stockpiling food, weapons, and computers. The cult leader often claims to be in direct communication... |
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| Free Essay on Church and Religion» |
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| Essay on New Contraceptive Technologies |
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| New Contraceptive Technologies Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. In spite of the availability of a broad range of contraceptive methods, the effectiveness of traditional contraceptive methods is largely dependent on user consistency and proper use. Even with consistent and proper use, each method is associated with varying degrees of risk. Risks include the likelihood of pregnancy, side effects, and possible STI transmission. New developments in contraceptive technology focus on improvement of side effects and the development of contraceptives that do not require users to adhere to a daily regiment. These new technologies are designed to make use simpler and more suitable to users' lives. Additionally, many of the new technologies seek to combine... |
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| Free Essay on Contraception and Birth Control» |
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| Essay on Traditional Contraceptive Methods |
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| Traditional Contraceptive Methods Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Traditional contraceptive methods provide varying degrees of protection from becoming pregnant and protection from STIs. While some of these methods provide noncontraceptive benefits, they require consistent and appropriate use and are associated with varying degrees of risks. Traditional contraception includes both hormonal and non-hormonal methods of preventing pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. These methods provide protection as long as they are used correctly but their effects are temporary and reversible once discontinued. Traditional contraceptive methods include sexual abstinence, coitus interruptus, rhythm method, barrier methods, spermicides, male or female condoms... |
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| Free Essay on Contraception and Birth Control» |
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| Essay on Brief History of Contraception |
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| Brief History of Contraception Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Although women have sought to control their fertility since ancient times, safe and effective contraception was not developed until the 20th century. The large influx of immigrants in the 1900s and the emergence of feminist groups working for women's rights helped bring to the forefront large-scale birth control movements in the United States and abroad. Ancient forms of birth control included potions, charms, chants, and herbal recipes. Ancient recipes often featured leaves, hawthorn bark, ivy, willow, and poplar, believed to contain sterilizing agents. During the Middle Ages, potions containing lead, arsenic, or strychnine caused death to many women seeking to control their fertility... |
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| Free Essay on Contraception and Birth Control» |
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| Essay on Birth Control |
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| Birth Control Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Birth control is the control of fertility, or the prevention of pregnancy, through one of several methods. Another common name for birth control is contraception, because that is precisely what the various birth control methods do; they prevent the viable sperm and egg from uniting to form a fertilized embryo. Though discussing birth control is no longer likely to lead to an arrest, as it did in the days of birth control pioneer Margaret Sanger, public debates remain. Some debates address which methods of birth control are the most effective at attaining one's reproductive goals, while others address whether insurance benefits should include the cost of birth control, the likely long- and short-term effects... |
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| Free Essay on Contraception and Birth Control» |
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| Essay on Margaret Sanger Biography |
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| Margaret Sanger Biography Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Marriage and Family Life. Margaret Sanger, who was born on September 14 in Corning, New York, founded the Planned Parenthood Federation of America and was in the forefront of the fight for women's reproductive rights. Sanger believed that women should have access to the materials they needed to control their fertility safely and effectively. She spread the message that American women--and women around the world--should be able to choose when and whether they wish to have children. She died on September 9 in Tucson, Arizona. Margaret Louisa Higgins was born into a large working-class family. She attended nursing school and later served as an obstetrical nurse in the Lower East Side of New York City. From her experiences... |
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| Free Essay on Contraception and Birth Control» |
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| Essay on Effects of and Alternatives to Corporal Punishment |
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| Effects of and Alternatives to Corporal Punishment Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. The Effects of corporal punishment are well documented and sobering. Studies reveal that individuals who were physically punished by parents or caregivers are more likely to be physically aggressive with others, including one's spouse; to severely attack one's siblings; to imagine or engage in masochistic sexual practices; to physically abuse one's children; to have depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts; to become delinquent as a juvenile; and to have lower lifetime earnings. The more often one was subjected to corporal punishment during adolescence, the lower the chances of being in the top 20 percent of all wage earners. It is worth reiterating that... |
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| Free Essay on Corporal Punishment» |
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| Essay on Religiosity, Region, and Corporal Punishment |
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| Religiosity, Region, and Corporal Punishment Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Support for corporal punishment in the United States historically has always been high and is often linked to religious or regional factors. Violence against children and babies is well documented and dates back to the biblical period. Historically, most forms of child punishment would today be considered severe child abuse. Parents were instructed to chastise and control errant children through such methods as swaddling, whipping, burning, drowning, castration, and abandonment. Puritans held a strict belief in original sin, and parents were instructed to, in a very literal sense, beat the devil out of their children. Early U.S. schools used corporal punishment... |
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| Free Essay on Corporal Punishment» |
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| Essay on Attitudes toward Corporal Punishment |
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| Attitudes toward Corporal Punishment Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. The vast majority of U.S. parents support the use of corporal punishment. This is peculiar in light of the purported overwhelming concern that Americans have about violence in society generally and certainly in relation to children and adolescents. In fact, parents who choose not to spank their children are in violation of a strong social norm and often encounter conflict with others. They may feel the need to justify their decision not to spank, whereas no justification for spanking is required. Overall, corporal punishment is still commonly being used against U.S. children. A number of Americans actually favor corporal punishment over other methods of child discipline... |
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| Free Essay on Corporal Punishment» |
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| Essay on Corporal Punishment of Children |
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| Corporal Punishment of Children Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. One of the most divisive debates in contemporary family sociology and child psychology centers on corporal punishment, known to most persons as spanking. Corporal punishment is the most widespread and well-documented form of family violence. In recent years, scholars as well theologians have debated the question of whether corporal punishment is an appropriate form of child discipline. This debate is particularly interesting in that it is relatively new and it taps into an area of firmly entrenched beliefs and values held by most Americans: that family is a private institution and that government should be minimally involved in guiding or mandating parenting practices... |
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| Free Essay on Corporal Punishment» |
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| Essay on Rape |
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| Rape Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Crime and Violence. The term rape has different meanings for different segments of the population. For example, within the field of psychology, the terms rape and sexual assault are often used interchangeably and encompass a range of nonconsensual acts from touching the breasts, buttocks, or genitals, to forced penetration of the vagina, anus, or mouth, by a penis or an object. In this case, force can involve verbal coercion, threats, physical restraint, or violence. Although laws vary by state, the generally accepted legal definition of rape is an act of sexual intercourse carried out by force or coercion, or when the victim is unable to give consent. While many people think that stranger rape, the man hiding... |
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| Free Essay on Crime and Violence» |
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| Essay on Battered Woman Syndrome (BWS) |
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| Battered Woman Syndrome Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Crime and Violence. Battered woman syndrome (BWS) is a psychiatric and legal term that refers to the constellation of psychological effects experienced by abused women and is intended to explain, for example, why women stay with their abusive partners and why abused women sometimes kill their abusive partners. The term emerged in the late 1970s and has been a source of legal and academic controversy ever since. BWS is considered as a subcategory of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but is not listed by name in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. BWS is associated with the presentation of symptoms such as learned helplessness, re-experiencing trauma, generalized anxiety, lowered self-esteem... |
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| Free Essay on Crime and Violence» |
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| Essay on Juvenile Delinquency Debate |
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| Juvenile Delinquency Debate Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. The role of the family as a social institution is essentially to prepare children for adult- hood. To accomplish this task, the family is comprised of values and norms and different statuses and roles, all of which are devoted to achieving the goals of the family as well as that of society. However, this is no easy task. Families are often scrutinized when a child displays delinquent behavior. Of particular concern are the ways that families might promote or prevent juvenile delinquency. Among the areas of concern when examining the link between family and delinquency are traditional family values, child-rearing practices, the influence of the mass media, and parental responsibility... |
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| Free Essay on Crime and Violence» |
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| Essay on Domestic Violence: Barriers to Seeking Help |
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| Domestic Violence: Barriers to Seeking Help Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. A common question that arises in relation to domestic violence is why doesn't she just leave? Surely women do not enjoy being treated this way, so why don't abused women get out? Many feel that if a victim of domestic violence really wanted to leave the relationship, she would just move on. However, as will be discussed further, the circumstances that often surround domestic violence, especially in situations where intimate terrorism is present, tend to be complex, and choosing to leave can be much more difficult, if not more lethal, than most people may realize. The suggestion that she should just leave blames any future abuse on her decision to stay; thus, the victim... |
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| Free Essay on Crime and Violence» |
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| Essay on Domestic Violence and Abuse Behaviors |
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| Domestic Violence and Abuse Behaviors Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Domestic violence, also known as intimate partner violence, is a significant concern in society today. It is estimated that 9 million couples, or one in six marriages, experience some form of intimate partner violence, with 21 percent of all violent crimes committed against women perpetrated by a romantic partner (Strong, DeVault, and Cohen 2010). Although violence against women in intimate relationships has existed for centuries, it has only become widely acknowledged as problematic since the latter half of the 20th century. Many credit this increased awareness to social and political movements such the second wave of feminism, also known as the modern women's movement, that have argued... |
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| Free Essay on Crime and Violence» |
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| Essay on Mothers and Work-Life Issues Today |
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| Mothers and Work-Life Issues Today Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Both the family and the workplace are so-called greedy institutions, demanding a great deal of time and energy from individuals. In fact, in the United States the full-time work week is quite a bit longer than in many Western European countries. Furthermore, individuals often find that these domains require the most from them during the same period of their lives. That is, the demands of work and family peak around the same time. Thus, many women and men feel that it is difficult to balance the demands of career, marriage, and family. This is particularly true of women, because they are expected to be the "kinkeepers"--maintaining a happy marriage, a stable and successful... |
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| Free Essay on Divorce Issues» |
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| Essay on Maternal Employment |
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| Maternal Employment Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Maternal employment has been the subject of considerable debate for many years. Women's labor force participation rates have been steadily increasing since before the turn of the 20th century. In fact, over the past 100 years, the number of women who are employed for pay or seeking paid employment has increased from about 4 million in 1890 to almost 63 million in 2001. Furthermore, between 1980 and 2000, the paid labor force participation rate for mothers of school-aged children increased from 64 to 79 percent. For mothers of preschool children, the rate increased from 47 to about 65 percent. In 2009, nearly 60 percent of married mothers with children under the age of three were in the paid... |
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| Free Essay on Divorce Issues» |
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| Essay on Divorce as Solution for Marital Problems |
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| Divorce as Solution for Marital Problems Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. For partners who do not grow together in terms of interests and expectations, married life can be stifling. Divorce permits couples in unhappy unions to end their relationships and start anew. While ending a marriage is a difficult, even traumatic, life transition, it does permit persons to make meaningful life changes and experience a renewal in their lives. This notion of being renewed after severing ties from an unsatisfactory relationship is particularly likely to be mentioned by women after a divorce. In some communities, a woman's female friends might even throw her a liberation party to celebrate her newly single status. Despite the potential for some women to experience... |
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| Free Essay on Divorce Issues» |
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| Essay on Society and Divorce |
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| Society and Divorce Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Divorce is a symptom of the pressure that Americans put on the marital relationship to be all things to the partners. The romantic notion of marriage--that one perfect person will make all of your dreams come true--may be partly responsible for the high rates of divorce. Asking one person to be your everything is putting a lot of faith in and pressure on that individual. While partners are expected to marry for life, they are given very little preparation, other than what they have witnessed in the marriages of their parents and other adults, about how to make a marriage work. Divorce is a symptom of the inadequate preparation for marriage that exists in U.S. society. To combat this... |
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| Free Essay on Divorce Issues» |
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| Essay on Divorce as a Social Problem |
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| Divorce as a Social Problem Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. While divorce rates in the United States have been stable or declining for 20 years, Americans express an overwhelming anxiety about the state of marriage. The rate of divorce peaked around 1980, but persons from all across the political spectrum propose that divorce is a serious problem in the United States today. Persons who see divorce as a problem come from the perspective that current divorce rates are unnaturally high and that society should work to reduce them. There is a long history stemming from religious prohibitions and middle-class morality suggesting that divorce is a problem. Divorce is defined as a problem because of the trauma of the breakup as well as the aftereffects for... |
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| Free Essay on Divorce Issues» |
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| Essay on The War on Drugs and Its Critics |
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| The War on Drugs and Its Critics Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Just as drugs have shaped the course of global and U.S. history, so have periodic wars on drugs. The current U.S. drug policy regime is based on the Controlled Substances Act (1970), which classifies legal and illegal drugs onto five schedules that proceed from Schedule I (heavily restricted drugs classified as having "no medical use" such as heroin, LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, or peyote) to Schedule V (less restricted drugs that have a legitimate medical use and low potential for abuse despite containing small amounts of controlled substances). This U.S. law implements the United Nations' Single Convention on Narcotics Drugs (1961), which added cannabis to former international... |
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| Free Essay on Drugs and Drug Abuse» |
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| Essay on Drug Usage and Historical Trends |
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| Drug Usage and Historical Trends Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Patterns of popular drug use often follow the contours of social change. Several factors tipped the scale toward constructing drug addiction as a disease in the 1960s. The U.S. Supreme Court interpreted addiction as an illness, opining, "Even one day in prison would be a cruel and unusual punishment for the 'crime' of having a common cold" (Robinson v. California, 1962). Finding it "unlikely that any State at this moment in history would attempt to make it a criminal offense for a person to be mentally ill, or a leper, or to be afflicted with a venereal disease," the Court stated that prisons could not be considered "curative" unless jail sentences were made "medicinal"... |
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| Free Essay on Drugs and Drug Abuse» |
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| Essay on Drugs, Medication, Self-Medication, and Medicalization |
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| Drugs, Medication, Self-Medication, and Medicalization Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Practices of self-medication blur the medical-versus-nonmedical category. In some places, illegal drug markets have made these substances more widely available than the tightly controlled legal market. Many people who use heroin, cocaine, or marijuana are medicating themselves for depression, anxiety, or disease conditions. They lack health insurance and turn to drugs close at hand. Legal pharmaceuticals are also diverted to illegal markets, leading to dangerous intermixing, as in the illegal use of legal benzodiazepines as "xaniboosters" to extend the high of an illegal drug. The social construction of legal drugs as a social good has been crucial to the expansion... |
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| Free Essay on Drugs and Drug Abuse» |
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| Essay on Drug Panics and Regulation |
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| Drug Panics and Regulation Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Not all psychoactive substances used as recreational drugs are currently illegal. Alcohol and tobacco have been commonly available for centuries, despite attempts to prohibit them. Both typically remain legal, except where age-of-purchase or religious bans are enforced. Alcohol prohibition in the United States lasted from 1919 to 1933. Although Prohibition reduced per-capita consumption of alcohol, it encouraged organized crime and bootlegging, and repeal efforts led to increased drinking and smoking among the respectable classes. Prohibition opened more segments of the U.S. population to the recreational use of drugs such as the opiates (morphine and heroin), cannabis, and cocaine... |
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| Free Essay on Drugs and Drug Abuse» |
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| Essay on Drugs Controversy and Social Context |
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| Drugs Controversy and Social Context Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Drugs enjoy a social significance different from other commodities, technologies, or artifacts. Celebrated by artists and visionaries from the 19th-century Romantics to the 20th-century Beats to 21st-century hip-hop musicians, drugs have been seen to shape minds and bodies in socially positive and problematic ways. Prescription drugs are credited with improving health, productivity, and well-being, whereas nonprescription drugs are blamed for destroying minds and bodies. How society views drugs depends on who produces them, how they are distributed and marketed, and who consumes them and how. Many controversies surround the workings of these fascinating, functional... |
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| Free Essay on Drugs and Drug Abuse» |
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| Essay on Inclusive Education Research Findings and Applications |
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| Inclusive Education Research Findings and Applications Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. So what does the research say about the efficacy of inclusive education--that is, students with mild to severe disabilities, typical average students, students who are gifted and talented, racially and culturally diverse students learning together? As always, of course, research in any meaningful question is never finished. However, here are some conclusions that are clear from the present research base: - Studies that have systematically compared outcomes from inclusive education and separate programs most often show that academic and social gains are higher in inclusive classes. In some studies, the results were mixed. It is notable that no studies showed segregated... |
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| Free Essay on Education System» |
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| Essay on Inclusive Schooling and Ability Diversity |
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| Inclusive Schooling and Ability Diversity Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Inclusive education is a movement that aims to have all students--including children with mild to severe disabilities, students considered gifted and talented, and students with other special needs--educated in general education classes with support and collaboration from specialists. Inclusive education had its beginning in the efforts of parents of children with disabilities, particularly severe disabilities, and professionals who were concerned about the segregated lives for which these children were being prepared in special education classes and schools. The movement has built on language in laws of countries throughout the world that has required, as in the United States... |
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| Free Essay on Education System» |
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| Essay on Gender Issues in International Education |
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| Gender Issues in International Education Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Education. Gender issues in international education vary greatly by region and also vary within regions by level of schooling and, at the tertiary (higher education) level, subject of study. Some broad trends can be analyzed by examining data from the first decade of the twenty-first century. Those trends shed light on areas in which the experiences of boys and girls and men and women have remained dramatically different. To gauge the porousness of the academic pipeline through higher education, it is helpful to refer to both the Education for All initiative developed at the Jomtien World Conference on Education for All (UNESCO 1990) and the Millennium Development Goals established in 2000... |
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| Free Essay on Education System» |
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| Essay on Gay and Lesbian Students in College |
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| Gay and Lesbian Students in College Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Education. College campuses have often been on the forefront of social change in U.S. culture, and the emergence of gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender (GLBT) student identity and awareness of GLBT issues is no exception. Due to complexities in measurement and the fact that many GLBT students remain private about their sexual orientation, it is not possible to determine the size or prevalence of this student population on college campuses. However, for many GLBT youth, college is a time when students begin to explore issues of identity and belonging related to their sexual orientation and gender identity as a result of being away from home for the first time and in an environment that foments... |
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| Free Essay on Education System» |
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| Essay on Gay and Lesbian Issues in American Education |
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| Gay and Lesbian Issues in American Education Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Education. Schools and colleges in the United States have become more inclusive and sensitive to the needs of individuals of differing identities in the late twentieth and early twentyfirst centuries, including those students who do not identify as heterosexual or as conforming to their biologically assigned genders, in other words, students who identify as gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender (GLBT). While interest in these students was virtually nonexistent before the 1980s, a rash of instances of bullying and severe harassment toward them--and toward students simply perceived to be GLBT--brought the issue to the policy forefront. In addition U.S. Supreme Court decisions began to interpret... |
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| Free Essay on Education System» |
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| Essay on Elder Neglect |
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| Elder Neglect Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Elder Care and Abuse. Current estimates suggest that 1 million to 2 million American's older than age 65 have been abused, neglected, or exploited by someone with whom they have placed their trust. Although standards may vary across cultures regarding the level of respect, attention, and support provided to the elderly, all cultures recognize the increased vulnerability that occurs with aging. Elder neglect occurs when the increased needs of the elderly are unmet by a designated caretaker. The specific legal definition of "elder neglect" varies from state to state. However, all generally define it as the failure of an individual to provide the basic necessities needed for mental and physical health. This includes a failure... |
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| Free Essay on Elder Care and Abuse» |
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| Essay on Elder Maltreatment |
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| Elder Maltreatment Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Elder Care and Abuse. Many types of family violence have been recognized, including child abuse, wife abuse, and, more recently, elder abuse. All forms of family violence are at epidemic levels in the United States, yet considerably less investment has been made in reducing elder abuse than child and wife abuse. Elder abuse, like other forms of maltreatment in families, can take several different forms. The National Elder Abuse Incidence Study (NEAIS) of 1996 defined domestic elder abuse--that is, elder abuse perpetrated by members of the family or household--as including the following forms of maltreatment: (1) physical abuse--any form of physical aggression that could result in bodily injury, physical pain... |
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| Free Essay on Elder Care and Abuse» |
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| Essay on Elder Abuse |
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| Elder Abuse Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Elder Care and Abuse. Elder abuse is a term that has both specific and general meanings. Specifically, the term refers to volitional acts (acts of commission) of physical, sexual, or psychological violence perpetrated against individuals over age 65 by family members or other individuals in positions of trust, such as health care providers. The term is not usually used to denote acts of violence perpetrated against elders by strangers. The term is also used, generally, as a cover term to denote, by commission or omission, an array of harmful acts perpetrated against elders by intimate others including neglect, exploitation, and abandonment. In recent years, researchers have advocated the use of the term... |
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| Free Essay on Elder Care and Abuse» |
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| Essay on Elder Care |
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| Elder Care Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. At both ends of the life course, infancy and old age, the question of care is paramount. Not only do discussions revolve around the quality of care available to assist with the needs of these groups, but costs and moral obligations compound the debate. Just as young parents must decide whether to place a child in day care or find an alternative so that the child may be cared for at home, adult children and their aging parents must decide how best to care for the aged. Is home care by a family member or skilled nursing care in an institutional setting most appropriate? Often families agonize over the decision of how to care for their loved one. Many times, financial limitations determine... |
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| Free Essay on Elder Care and Abuse» |
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| Essay on Controversies in Elder Abuse |
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| Controversies in Elder Abuse Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Although it is generally accepted that abuse is a problem in the culture that needs to be eradicated, the paths to decreased violence are often contradictory. Often experts suggest that one cannot end abuse without knowing the causes of abuse. Elder abuse shares some links with domestic violence causes in general, but because of the intergenerational nature of the abuse, there are some important differences. Another area of controversy involves whether gender plays a role in the status of both victim and perpetrator. Other questions remain as to the best course of action when dealing with older persons who have been abused and the role that the state plays in providing... |
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| Free Essay on Elder Care and Abuse» |
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| Essay on Euthanasia and Legal Issues in the United States |
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| Euthanasia and Legal Issues in the United States Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. In 1991 and 1992, citizens in Washington and California, respectively, voted on two referenda; these referenda sought to sanction legally both euthanasia and physician- assisted suicide, or physician-assisted dying. In both cases, voters defeated these referenda by very narrow margins--about 54 percent to 46 percent in both cases. However, in 1994, the citizens of Oregon were asked to vote on Measure 16, which asked, "Shall law allow terminally ill adult Oregon patients voluntary informed choice to obtain physician's prescription for drugs to end life?" (quoted in Campbell 1994, 9). In this case, the measure passed, which ultimately led to the Oregon Death with Dignity Act... |
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| Free Essay on Euthanasia Debate» |
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| Essay on Ethical Issues in Euthanasia Debate |
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| Ethical Issues in Euthanasia Debate Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Several ethical issues involved in the debates over euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide remain controversial despite the lengthy debates over them. These issues relate to the various legal and theological issues, too. Here is a survey of some major ethical issues: human dignity, patient autonomy, prevention of harm, protection of the marginalized, and protection of professional integrity in health care. First, among the most well known ethical issues in the debates over euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide is human dignity. Despite its pervasive use, the term suffers from ambiguity. At least two fundamental ways exist in which human dignity functions in ethical debates... |
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| Free Essay on Euthanasia Debate» |
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| Essay on Traditional Distinctions of Euthanasia |
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| Traditional Distinctions of Euthanasia Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Here, euthanasia is to be understood as the voluntary and intentional ending of a person's life. Many ethicists have made three critical distinctions in the debates over euthanasia. First, there is a distinction between voluntary and involuntary euthanasia. Voluntary euthanasia happens either by or at the request of the recipient of the act. Involuntary euthanasia occurs without the consent of the individual, either because the patient is incompetent, because the patient's wishes are not known, or because it is a policy to end the life of a person with certain traits (e.g., Nazi euthanasia policies). Most discussions of euthanasia reject any consideration of involuntary euthanasia... |
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| Free Essay on Euthanasia Debate» |
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| Essay on Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide |
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| Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. In general, one can choose death by euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. Broadly understood, euthanasia means "good death"; however, current usage depicts a specific kind of dying, which is usually accomplished by the act of someone other than the one who dies. Physician-assisted suicide is a particular form of suicide, or dying, where a physician who possesses relevant knowledge and skills assists the one who wishes to die. Various religious perspectives offer ways to deal with the challenges presented by death and dying, pain and suffering, freedom and responsibility in health care, and the value of human life. All of these are present at the intersection of euthanasia... |
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| Free Essay on Euthanasia Debate» |
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| Essay on Native American Gambling Enterprises |
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| Native American Gambling Enterprises Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Over the past two decades, gambling has grown exponentially in the United States owing in no small measure to Indian gaming, or the operation of gambling casinos on Native American reservations. By 20 08, a peak year, revenues from such casinos had reached nearly $27 billion, according to the National Indian Gaming Commission. States and local communities throughout the nation continue to debate the merits of tribal casinos. Among the issues raised are the right of a marginalized population to self-governance and the pursuit of economic revival; the need of income-starved states for tax revenues and job opportunities; and the interest of the public... |
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| Free Essay on Gambling» |
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| Essay on The Medicalization of Gambling: Problem and Pathological Gambling |
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| The Medicalization of Gambling: Problem and Pathological Gambling Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. It is in the 20th century that the notions of sinful gambling and irrational gambling began to be replaced with a medicalization of gambling as an illness that required intervention and therapy. Clearly, such attitudes were based on those cases where serious amounts of money were lost by those hardly able to handle such losses rather than on the minor or moderate amounts lost by casual gamers who fly to Las Vegas or Atlantic City in the United States for a few days of vacation. A good part of the ancient and medieval opposition to gambling was based precisely on this notion that gambling was engaging in a kind of secular or antireligious consulting... |
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| Free Essay on Gambling» |
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| Essay on Lottery as Gambling Type |
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| Lottery as Gambling Type Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Ever y day, millions of Americans stop by a local store or visit a Web site, plunk down a few dollars, and hope for a miracle. Very few who play state lotteries will ever win any significant sums, and everyone except a handful of jackpot winners is guaranteed to lose more money buying tickets than they will gain in (mostly small) prizes over a lifetime. Yet these millions of Americans seem happy to continue playing --happy that some of the proceeds go to fund popular state programs such as schools and parks, and happy for the chance, however remote, of striking it rich. The regeneration of a state lottery industry in the United States--the term regeneration is apt--has been... |
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| Free Essay on Gambling» |
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| Essay on What Is Gambling? |
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| What Is Gambling? Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. The vast majority of Americans have gambled at least once. One can place bets on dog and horse races in 43 states, buy lottery tickets in 42 states, gamble for charity in 47 states, and play at commercial casinos in 11 states. As of 2010, all but two states (Hawaii and Utah) allowed some form of gambling. Gambling as a government-sponsored activity exploded in the late 20th century, and will clearly increase in the 21st century. Is gambling a moral and social problem? What are the social costs of problem gambling, and do they outweigh the social and economic benefits of increased state-sponsored gaming? Finally, how does the rise of Native American gambling in the late 20th century as a new income... |
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| Free Essay on Gambling» |
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| Essay on Same-Sex Adoption and Adoption Agencies |
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| Same-Sex Adoption and Adoption Agencies Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Regardless of one's position as to whether gay parents should be permitted to adopt, there are distinct differences in how each side is portrayed in the media and in various advocacy groups' Web sites. Agencies exist on both sides of the issue. The Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute has done extensive work in improving the knowledge of the public in this area. In 2003, the institute published a national survey titled "Adoption by Lesbians and Gays: A National Survey of Adoption Agency Policies, Practices, and Attitudes." Drawing on a number of surveys and studies, the report gives a plethora of statistics regarding the acceptance and placement of children into homosexual... |
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| Free Essay on Gay Marriage and Adoption» |
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| Essay on Gay Parent Adoption or Same-Sex Adoption |
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| Gay Parent Adoption or Same-Sex Adoption Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Gay parent adoption or same-sex adoption refers to the adoption of children by individuals who prefer romantic partners of the same sex--gays and lesbians. Same-sex adoption is portrayed by the media as being a potentially good thing but with potentially detrimental side effects, most notably for the adopted children. This type of adoption is often made to look as if it might well be done but perhaps should not be for the sake of the children involved. With groups such as the religious right, fundamentalist Christian denominations, and private religiously affiliated adoption agencies backing the opposition to adoption by gays and lesbians and, on the other side... |
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| Free Essay on Gay Marriage and Adoption» |
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| Essay on Current Controversies over Domestic Partnerships |
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| Current Controversies over Domestic Partnerships Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Those most concerned with the implementation of policies legitimizing various coupling options are divided along ideological lines to form two competing camps. The pro-marriage camp consists of those promoting legal marriage as the sole form of public acknowledgement of intimate unions. Individuals and organizations in this camp may be divided further into two classes: one that promotes heterosexual marriage and desires the exclusion of legal recognition of all other types of unions based on religious beliefs (referred to here as the religiously-oriented) and one that fears the institution of marriage, along with its beneficial aspects to men, women... |
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| Free Essay on Gay Marriage and Adoption» |
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| Essay on Same-Sex Marriage Pros and Cons |
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| Same-Sex Marriage Pros and Cons Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Advocacy groups in support of same-sex marriage have utilized the ever-changing social environment to their advantage, ultimately giving support to their position that a just society translates as one that accepts the practice of same-sex marriage as one of simple fairness, full and complete citizenship, and equal rights. While many involved in the battle over same-sex marriage approach it from a religious standpoint, those that are religiously affiliated but do not attack the issue on a negative level, such as the Unitarian Universalist Association, have called for fully legalized same-sex marriage. In 2005, the United Church of Christ (with some 1.3 million estimated adult members)... |
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| Free Essay on Gay Marriage and Adoption» |
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| Essay on Legal Options for Domestic Partnerships |
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| Legal Options for Domestic Partnerships Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Four states (Vermont in 2000, Connecticut in 2005, New Jersey in 2007, and New Hampshire in 2008) have implemented civil union legislation. In all four states, only same-sex couples are eligible to enter into a civil union; with the exception of sexual orientation, they must also meet the eligibility requirements for legal marriage. At the state level, civil unions are the functional equivalent of legal marriage in that they provide to couples all of the benefits and protections of marriage afforded to spouses. Due to the federal Defense of Marriage Act signed into law by President Bill Clinton in 1996, which defines marriage as consisting of the legal union... |
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| Free Essay on Gay Marriage and Adoption» |
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| Essay on Controversies over Sustainable Development |
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| Controversies over Sustainable Development Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Sustainable development often means designing pollution and waste out of the manufacturing cycle (industrial ecology) and thinking about a product in terms of its total life span, beyond its point of sale (also known as product life cycle management). Additionally, clean production may require a substantial investment in new technology and plants that is prohibitive to small business enterprises. These requirements challenge businesses and industries in virtually all sectors of an economy to change what they are doing and how they are doing it. What makes the task of change even harder is the fact that many established businesses and industries have been subsidized directly or indirectly... |
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| Free Essay on Globalization Issues» |
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| Essay on Sustainability and Sustainable Development |
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| Sustainability and Sustainable Development Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Sustainability literally means the capacity to endure. In 1987, the World Commission on Environment and Development, also known as the Brundtland Commission, applied the term to development--officially, sustainable development--as that which "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." That definition was written into the Swiss federal constitution and is similar to the seventh generation philosophy articulated in the Iroquois Confederacy. It mandated that chiefs of that Native American nation must look seven generations into the future to consider the effects of their actions on their descendants before making a move... |
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| Free Essay on Globalization Issues» |
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| Essay on Globalization and Environmental Issues |
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| Globalization and Environmental Issues Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. If there is a perspective that has potential to be a positive rationale for globalization, it might be an environmental or ecological one. One of the most significant issues pushing some cooperative means of globalization is the environment, as we consider the ecological effects of human activities on a planetary scale. Global warming, ozone depletion, and the myriad means of industrial pollution whose effects are felt worldwide make it clear that, in the absence of a global response, we will all individually suffer serious consequences. As much as we like to divide up the planet in human terms, laying out the grid lines of political boundaries and economic relationships, the fundamental... |
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| Free Essay on Globalization Issues» |
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| Essay on Globalization Politics and Resistance |
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| Globalization Politics and Resistance Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. In the political realm, the United Nations (UN) has, in theory, the potential to be a body that--while respecting the national boundaries of its member states--works to find constructive ways of collectively responding to regional and global issues. Whether its first 60 years reflects such an ideal or whether instead the UN has been a facade behind which coercion has been wielded by one group against another is a subject for debate; in the absence of a clear global mandate for intervention or the effective economic and military means to intervene, moreover, even within a coercive framework, it is hard to see the UN as a model for good global government. In the larger... |
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| Free Essay on Globalization Issues» |
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| Essay on The Global Village: Globalization and Standardization |
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| The Global Village: Globalization and Standardization Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. There is a difference between globalization and standardization. It is important to distinguish the two, especially in light of the social and cultural requirements of industrial (and postindustrial) society. A very strong case can be made that the impulse to globalize is an effort to regularize and systematize the messy world of human relations into something that fits a mass-production, mass-consumption model. From the introduction of the factory system (1750) onward, industrial processes have become more and more efficient, systematizing and standardizing the elements of production, including the human ones. Ursula Franklin (1999) refers to the emergence... |
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| Essay on The Debate over Health Care Reform under President Barack Obama |
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| The Debate over Health Care Reform under President Barack Obama Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. There have been a series of great lobbying battles in the first decade of the 21st century, but surely one of the greatest was over the Obama administration's efforts to create a more substantial role for the federal government in managing the nation's huge health care insurance program--a sector that accounts for one-sixth of the nation's gross domestic product each year and continues to grow. While the nation's financial system struggled to recover from its near collapse in late 2008 and early 2009, health insurance companies, hospitals, doctors, pharmaceutical manufacturers, corporations, labor unions, consumer associations, and lawmakers organized... |
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| Free Essay on Health Care System and Reform» |
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| Essay on The Need for Health Insurance Coverage and Obama Reforms |
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| The Need for Health Insurance Coverage and Obama Reforms Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. The lack of health insurance among a substantial group of Americans is not a new issue, but as the recession hit and more people lost jobs and younger people had trouble finding jobs initially, the issue of the link between employment and health care became clearer and problematic. Also, there were concerns for older people who either planned an early retirement before the age of 65 or who lost a job in their fifties and discovered how difficult it was, in a time of recession, to find new jobs with health insurance or to be able to purchase a private health insurance policy. For people who already had health problems, many insurance companies would not provide... |
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| Free Essay on Health Care System and Reform» |
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| Essay on Health Care Reform: SCHIP and Changes in Medicare |
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| Health Care Reform: SCHIP and Changes in Medicare Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Some important expansions have been passed in the last decade, especially the State Child Health Insurance Program, which has expanded the provision of government-provided health care insurance to the children of the working poor, and the drug coverage provision of the Medicare program, which has dealt with one major criticism and weakness of the Medicare program, the lack of inclusion of coverage for drugs. In fall 1997, Congress passed the joint federal-state SCHIP as part of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, which began in fiscal year 1999. As an expansion, this program focused on providing coverage to children, a group that previous surveys found was viewed by most... |
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| Free Essay on Health Care System and Reform» |
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| Essay on Medicare, Medicaid, and Health Insurance |
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| Medicare, Medicaid, and Health Insurance Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Once Medicare was passed, the elderly had access to a health insurance plan that resembled what many working-age Americans had through their jobs, because a central goal of Medicare was to bring the elderly into the mainstream of U.S. medicine. Another basic assumption was that Medicare would provide all elderly with the same health insurance coverage, whatever a person's income level before retirement or after retirement. A third assumption of the architects of the basic Medicare legislation was that Medicare was the beginning of a government role in health insurance, perhaps a first step toward a more universal health insurance system. This did not really happen, with... |
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| Free Essay on Health Care System and Reform» |
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| Essay on History of the U.S. Health Care System |
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| History of the U.S. Health Care System Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. At one point in time, the U.S. health care system was dominated by physicians who worked in private practice as independent practitioners and was even described as a cottage industry since many physicians had their offices in their homes (Starr 1982). During that time period (up to 1900 at least and probably later), most people who had other options tried to avoid hospitals, because hospitals were viewed as a place to go to die for people with no other option and for people who were too poor to be able to remain in their homes. In addition, during the same time frame, there was not much care that could be provided for a person in the hospital that could not occur in the homes... |
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| Free Essay on Health Care System and Reform» |
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| Essay on Causes of Homelessness |
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| Causes of Homelessness Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. In addition to identifying the characteristics of the homeless, much of the research has focused on the causes that resulted in the increase in the size and composition of the homeless population. Most of the research on homelessness identifies three main causal factors: a shift in the economy; the lack of affordable housing, such as the destruction of single-room occupancy (SRO) units through urban renewal efforts; and the deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill. There remains serious debate over which of these is most significant, but there is substantial evidence to suggest they all play a part in the problem. First, Blau (1993) attempts to explain the causes of homelessness from... |
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| Free Essay on Homelessness» |
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| Essay on Profile of the Homeless |
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| Profile of the Homeless Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. While the debate continues about the size of the homeless population as well as the most effective method of collecting data, there is much greater consensus on the characteristics of the homeless. And while no study has been accepted as the seminal work on the subject, especially since regional differences have been discovered, there are some fairly consistent themes that run through this population. According to a 2010 report by the National Coalition for the Homeless, in general, the research suggests that the homeless population is younger than its historical counterparts and consists of about 50 percent minorities. According to the National Alliance to End Homelessness (2010), nearly 600,000... |
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| Free Essay on Homelessness» |
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| Essay on Homelessness in the United States |
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| Homelessness in the United States Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. All of us are touched by homelessness in one way or another. One of the main reasons this particular social problem remains in the minds of many Americans is its visibility. While always a part of the U.S. social fabric, in the last 30 years Americans have been forced to confront the visibility of this group of people in a substantial way. This visibility has resulted in the public's attempt to conceal or minimize its significance, thereby exacerbating the problem. Part of the difficulty in dealing with homelessness has to do with how it is defined. In the 1970s, Mitch Snyder argued that a million Americans were homeless. In the 1980s, he and Mary Ellen Hombs (1982), in their report... |
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| Free Essay on Homelessness» |
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| Essay on Human Trafficking |
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| Human Trafficking Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Trafficking in persons has been defined as the modern-day form of slavery and is perhaps among the most profitable transnational crimes next to the sale of drugs and arms. This transnational crime has been subject to international and national attention. Publicity and human rights advocacy has helped pave the way for the creation of international and national laws to stop the sale and enslavement of persons. However, controversy exists over the extent of the protection these laws provide, especially the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Prevention Act of 2000 (VTVPA), a law drafted and implemented by the United States. Because a significant number of persons who are trafficked become vulnerable... |
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| Free Essay on Human Trafficking» |
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| Essay on Human Smuggling |
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| Human Smuggling Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. The concerns about illegal immigration expressed in the popular media, such as television news shows and talk radio programs, can be misleading. These shows often overlook the factors underlying migration and disregard the jeopardy that migrants face in dealing with the smugglers who bring them across the border or the traffickers who enslave them. Despite the dangers involved, many undocumented migrants come to the United States to look for work or to join their families, hoping to settle permanently. Others, entering the country under even less favorable circumstances, come at the hands of human traffickers. Human smugglers and traffickers are international criminals. Nevertheless, it is not surprising... |
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| Free Essay on Human Trafficking» |
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| Essay on Arizona Immigration Law and Immigration Reform in 2010 |
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| Arizona Immigration Law and Immigration Reform in 2010 Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Arizona in April 2010 enacted a law making it a state crime for unauthorized foreigners to be present, prompting Senate Democrats to announce a framework for a comprehensive immigration reform bill before demonstrations in support of legalization around the nation on May 1, 2010. The Democrats' framework was more enforcement oriented than the bill approved by the Senate in 2006, but Republicans predicted it would be difficult to enact immigration reform in 2010. President Obama seemed to agree when he said: "I want to begin work this year" on immigration reform. Arizona, where almost half of the million foreign-born residents are believed to be unauthorized... |
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| Free Essay on Immigration Issues» |
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| Essay on American Immigration Reform: 1986-2008 |
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| American Immigration Reform: 1986-2008 Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. The United States has had three major immigration policies throughout its history: no limits for the first 100 years, qualitative restrictions such as "no Chinese" between the 1880s and 1920s, and both qualitative and quantitative restrictions since the 1920s. During the half-century of low immigration, between the 1920s and the 1970s, U.S. immigration law changed only about once a generation. Beginning in the 1980s, Congress changed immigration laws more frequently. The Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986 embodied a compromise to re- duce illegal migration. For the first time, the federal government received authority to fine U.S. employers who knowingly... |
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| Free Essay on Immigration Issues» |
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| Essay on Opponents of U.S.-Mexico Border Fencing |
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| Opponents of U.S.-Mexico Border Fencing Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Felipe Calderon, the president of Mexico (2007-present), ministers of several Latin American countries, and Mexican intellectuals consider the construction of a border wall to be unnecessary and even counterproductive. The Mexican press has condemned the wall project as a xenophobic and racist act. Many Mexican papers have run political cartoons showing Uncle Sam putting up a fence covered with insults to Mexicans. The construction of a border fence is viewed as a major slap in the face by the nation of Mexico. It implies that the United States is superior to Mexico and that social problems originate on the Mexican side, not the American side. The United States is protected... |
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| Free Essay on Immigration Issues» |
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| Essay on Supporters of U.S.-Mexico Border Fencing |
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| Supporters of U.S.-Mexico Border Fencing Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Proponents of an extended border fence argue that it is needed for three reasons: (1) to reduce unauthorized immigration, (2) to block drug smugglers and others, and (3) to prevent terrorists from entering through the so-called back door. A border fence is seen as a tool that, with accompanying technology, will allow the USBP to improve enforcement. A 2010 Rasmussen phone survey indicated that 59 percent of a random sample of 1,500 Americans supported a border fence to control immigration (Rasmussen Reports 2010). Only a minority of voters were in opposition: 26 percent. After the March 2010 shooting deaths of American Consulate employees in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, 49 percent believed... |
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| Free Essay on Immigration Issues» |
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| Essay on U.S.-Mexico Border Fence |
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| U.S.-Mexico Border Fence Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. To prevent unauthorized entrants from crossing the U.S.-Mexico border, Congress passed the Secure Fence Act of 2006 to construct either partial or complete fencing. Since 9/11 this project has been referred to as a "border fence." Does the United States have the sovereign right to block off a border with a neighboring country, or does it insult Mexico and violate the rights of people to freely move about the globe? Both Americans and Mexicans residing on the border view it as offensive, and no similar action has been proposed for Canada. Economic migrants from Mexico and from Central and South America have been forced to cross in ever more remote and hazardous regions, which has raised the death toll... |
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| Free Essay on Immigration Issues» |
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| Essay on Wet Nurses |
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| Wet Nurses Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Marriage and Family Life. A wet nurse is a woman who breastfeeds a baby that is not her own. As early as the fourteenth century BCE there is documented evidence of wet nurses. The wet nurse to the Egyptian king Tutankhamen (1361-1352 BCE) had a high social status and played an important role in the raising of the royal children. In England during the Victorian era, wet nurses were seen by the upper-class as fallen women who were immoral and often unmarried mothers. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, wet nursing was an employment option for young women in low socioeconomic groups. Often, wealthy upper-class families would hire live-in wet nurses to breastfeed their babies because they felt that it was beneath them to suckle a baby... |
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| Free Essay on Marriage and Family Life» |
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| Essay on Sterilization Procedure |
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| Sterilization Procedure Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Marriage and Family Life. Sterilization is the result of any procedure or condition by which a person becomes incapable of reproducing. Sterilization may be voluntary and undertaken as a permanent form of birth control, or it may be involuntary, the result of disease, treatment (including surgery, drug therapy, or radiation), trauma to the reproductive organs (such as castration), or public policy (as for population control). Surgical sterilization--vasectomy in males and tubal ligation (salpingectomy) in females--is the most common form of contraception used in married couples ages thirty and above. Because it is considered permanent, married women are more apt to undergo sterilization than those who are unmarried... |
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| Free Essay on Marriage and Family Life» |
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| Essay on Ethical Issues of Reproductive Technologies |
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| Ethical Issues of Reproductive Technologies Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Marriage and Family Life. Modern reproductive technologies have given many infertile couples the ability to conceive and give birth to children. They also have opened up debate about the ethics of those techniques. Even techniques that have been available as long as donor artificial insemination are not without ethical considerations. Children conceived by this method do not know the identity of their biological fathers because donors are guaranteed anonymity and are legally exempt from parental responsibility for any offspring produced from their sperm. Although sperm banks include some information about the ethnicity, religion, and physical appearance of the donor, they do not follow up... |
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| Free Essay on Marriage and Family Life» |
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| Essay on Assisted Reproductive Technology |
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| Assisted Reproductive Technology Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Marriage and Family Life. Reproductive technologies include methods to increase fertility, facilitate conception, provide alternatives for women who cannot carry a pregnancy to term, and allow early genetic diagnosis of a fetus (including sex determination). They also provide a means to preserve sperm and embryos and make cloning (the reproduction of an exact genetic copy of a person or animal) possible. Most often these technologies are directed toward helping infertile couples have a child. Infertility (the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected sexual intercourse or six months if the woman is thirty years old or more) is a significant issue for many couples. Low estimates suggest that... |
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| Free Essay on Marriage and Family Life» |
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| Essay on Human Intervention in Reproduction |
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| Human Intervention in Reproduction Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Marriage and Family Life. Humans currently have the ability to help the reproductive process and systematically participate in the reproduction of various species. Many animals are bred selectively, including dogs, cats, birds, and fish. Many farm animals such as cows and horses are artificially inseminated with the sperm of the best examples of their breeds. Individuals experiencing difficulty reproducing can be helped by augmenting their hormones, artificially inseminating mothers, or even harvesting a mother's eggs and fertilizing them outside of her body in a process called in vitro fertilization, then implanting the fertilized blastulas into the mother's uterus to develop. Surrogate mothers are also... |
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| Free Essay on Marriage and Family Life» |
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| Essay on Social Security Controversies |
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| Social Security Controversies Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Politicians and the media frequently warn that Social Security is headed for bankruptcy. Not true. The Social Security program is not a cause of the federal government's current deficit and debt concerns. In fact, the program has been running surpluses since 1984 (Gregory 2010). The federal General Fund experienced an annual surplus of $86 billion in 2000, meaning that taxpayers contributed more in all federal taxes than was spent in all federal programs and operations. However, that surplus fell year by year after 2000 because of tax cuts, funding for wars, and other government spending to a deficit of $1.55 trillion in 2009 (Congressional Budget Office 2010a). By contrast, the Social Security... |
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| Free Essay on Social Security» |
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| Essay on The History of Social Security |
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| The History of Social Security Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. The American dream is about freedom and financial security. But it is possible to lose everything. One day a person has a job, a family, and a house. Then there is a layoff , an accident, an illness, or the death of a breadwinner. One misfortune piles upon another. As late as the 1930s (and even in the 1940s), a person with no income or savings and no children to take him or her in risked going to the "poorhouse." By the time Social Security became law in 1935, every state except New Mexico had poorhouses. Sometimes called almshouses or poor farms, their existence is a little known fact in U.S. history today. Yet there were thousands of such places across the country, and becoming an inmate... |
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| Free Essay on Social Security» |
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| Essay on Technology Effects on Society |
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| Technology Effects on Society Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sociology. The link between human society and technology goes back a long way. The evolution of human societies and even the dominance of homo sapiens as a species are intimately joined with the evolution of technology. Early hominid fossil records, for example, are usually found in close proximity to remains of stone implements, and the extension of human society over the earth's surface seems to be founded on mastery of a number of apparently simple (but arguably rather complex) technologies: stone weapons, the management of fire, and the construction of shelter, for example. These technologies emerged in the distant past and characterised the paleolithic and neolithic periods, in which humans evolved... |
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| Free Essay on Society and Civilization» |
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| Essay on The Urban Life During Industrial Revolution |
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| The Urban Life During Industrial Revolution Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sociology. The impact of industrialization upon European society was most vivid in the growing cities. The population explosion, the decline in agricultural employment, the rise of the factory system, and the improvements in transportation combined to uproot thousands of people. Young adults, and sometimes whole families, found themselves so desperate for employment that they chose migration to the growing factory towns. Unprecedented growth changed the nature of cities and urban life, but there was a range of types of towns and cities. Older towns often still stood within their medieval defensive walls. The urban and the rural were intertwined in such towns, sometimes with farmland within... |
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| Free Essay on Society and Civilization» |
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| Essay on The Urbanization of Europe |
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| The Urbanization of Europe Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sociology. The vital revolution led to the urbanization of European civilization. For more than two thousand years, the greatest centers of European civilization--from ancient Athens and Rome through the Italian city-states of the Renaissance to London and Paris in the Old Regime--had been its cities. By 1750 European cities had been growing in size and numbers for centuries. But the 18th century was not yet an urban society; in every country, the majority of the population lived on farms and in small villages. The British census of 1850 found that more than 50 percent of the population lived in towns and cities, making Britain the first predominantly urban society in history. The early 19th century was consequently... |
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| Free Essay on Society and Civilization» |
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| Essay on Boers And English in South Africa |
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| Boers And English in South Africa Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sociology. By the dawn of the nineteenth century, the Napoleonic wars caused control over Cape Colony to shift from the Dutch to the British. Eager to exploit the colony's strategic location, Britain quickly dispatched five thousand settlers to the Cape to bolster their ownership claims. The Boer population viewed these arrivals with some alarm. In addition to being forced to adopt a new language, customs, and legal system, the largely pastoralist Boer population was suspicious of the British settlers' predominantly urban background. The biggest source of tension between the two settler groups was, however, their different approaches to native relations. The Boers had long held the view that Africans... |
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| Free Essay on Society and Civilization» |
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| Essay on The Gold Rush and Colonial Society |
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| The Gold Rush and Colonial Society Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sociology. While the basic structure of British colonial society in the antipodes seemed to have been set by the mid-nineteenth century, the discovery of gold in both Australia (1851) and New Zealand (1861) had profound effects on both colonies. News of the discoveries triggered a massive influx of settlers eager to try their luck in the gold fields. Among these settlers was a contingent of foreign laborers, many of whom were Chinese, imported by mining companies. As miners began competing for lucrative claims, xenophobia and racism rose dramatically, resulting in violent pogroms against foreign laborers and calls for immigration quotas. In Australia the gold rush was further... |
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| Free Essay on Society and Civilization» |
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| Essay on The Political Economy of Unemployment |
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| The Political Economy of Unemployment Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. People have very different takes on what, if anything, should be done about unemployment and the hardships it produces. Those on the conservative end of the spectrum have long argued that unemployment is an inevitable feature of the dynamic capitalist economy. The 20th century's most outspoken advocate of free enterprise, Milton Friedman, asserted in Capitalism and Freedom (1962) that severe unemployment was almost always the result of government ineptitude, not ordinary business cycles. He also blamed some unemployment on minimum wage laws, which, therefore, he wanted to see abolished. At the other (left) end of the political spectrum, radical thinkers from Marx onward have... |
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| Free Essay on Unemployment» |
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| Essay on Unemployment Insurance and Poverty |
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| Unemployment Insurance and Poverty Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. When workers lose their jobs not through any fault of their own but because their industry--or the entire economy--is going through a cyclical downturn, most people believe they need and deserve some kind of temporary financial assistance from the government. Such was not always the case. Historically, state assistance to the unemployed could not be legislated as long as the public viewed joblessness as a matter of individual responsibility. During the periodic depressions that characterized the 19th century, even private charity for the unemployed was sometimes decried as "pauperizing"--that is, liable to turn temporary hardship into permanent dependency. But gradually... |
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| Free Essay on Unemployment» |
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| Essay on "Natural" Unemployment, the Phillips Curve, and Okun's Law |
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| "Natural" Unemployment, the Phillips Curve, and Okun's Law Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. At various times from the 1960s onward, economists in the United States have offered opinions about the rate of unemployment that should be considered normal or "natural." If the actual unemployment rate fell below this natural level, it would signal an overheated economy likely to be experiencing inflation. If it rose above the natural level, it would signal slack in the system, suggesting that the economy was performing below its potential. The cumbersome, technical term for the natural rate of unemployment is nonaccelerating inflation rate of unemployment, or NAIRU. Economists have tried to determine what the natural rate of unemployment would be in a given... |
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| Free Essay on Unemployment» |
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| Essay on Short- and Long-Term Unemployment |
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| Short- and Long-Term Unemployment Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. The longer a person remains without work, the deeper the impact on finances, family well-being, sense of self-worth, and even health. Some workers are out of a job so briefly they do not even bother to file for unemployment compensation. At the other extreme, some workers spend long months and even years looking in vain for work. Workers who lose their jobs in middle age can be especially devastated, since they often shoulder heavy financial responsibilities and do not have time to start a new career in the working years they have left. During the recession of 2008-2010, observers noted a considerable increase in the amount of time workers typically spent unemployed. So not only were there... |
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| Free Essay on Unemployment» |
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| Essay on The Uneven Impact of Unemployment |
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| The Uneven Impact of Unemployment Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Social Issues. Americans experience unemployment in different ways and at different rates, depending on their age, gender, education level, and race or ethnicity. The monthly BLS unemployment report sheds light on all of these differences. For the month of April 2010, the unemployment rate for teenaged workers, ages 16 to 19, was a whopping 25.4 percent. This implied that for every four teenagers who were counted in the labor force (meaning they were either employed or looking for a job), only three were able to find work. For adults age 20 and older, unemployment was far lower, at a little over 9 percent. Gender disparities in unemployment are much smaller than disparities by age. For most of the 2000-2010... |
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| Free Essay on Unemployment» |
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