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| You Are Here: Home > Essay Topics > Environmental Issues Essays & Research Papers > Water Pollution |
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|  Essay on North American Water Resources |
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| North American Water Resources Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Water Pollution. The climate of the western United States has been predicted to become drier with global warming. This could result in the United States asking Canada or even Mexico for additional water supplies. The United States will need to encourage water conservation in the use of water and potentially move water from wetter areas to drier areas. For example, much of the water from the Colorado River system has been diverted for many years to areas such as southern California to help quench the thirst of the growing population. Even larger scale water diversions have been proposed, such as moving freshwater from the Great Lakes or from other large bodies of water in Canada such as James Bay... |
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| Essay on North American Water Resources » |
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| Essay on Changes in the Quality of Water Resources |
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| Changes in the Quality of Water Resources Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Water Pollution. Climate change can greatly affect water quality. Melting snow in the mountains increases river flow and erosion and transports large amounts of sediment, usually in winter or in rainy seasons. Such increased river flow can create flood hazards and heighten the potential for destruction of dams and levees. On the other hand, reduced river flow in summer can also have severe implications, because demand for water for irrigation, hydropower, and other uses is at its peak in summertime. Evaporation rates increase with temperature. High evaporation rates in some areas reduce the ratio of water to its solutes, increasing the concentration of salts and chemicals and thereby decreasing water... |
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| Essay on Changes in the Quality of Water Resources » |
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| Essay on Global Water Resources |
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| Global Water Resources Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Water Pollution. Global warming is anticipated to have a significant negative effect on the global supply and quality of water. Potential factors contributing to this effect include warmer winters, changes in precipitation patterns, increasing evaporation, melting snow peaks, rising sea levels, saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers, dry soil, and increasing storm-water runoff. A water resource is any surface or underground source of water that can be utilized by humans (Gleick, 2006). Typical resources include water basins, aquifers, oceans, rivers, lakes, natural and artificial reservoirs, ice, snow, and wetlands. The hydrologic cycle renews freshwater resources, but these resources decrease when their withdrawal rate... |
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| Essay on Global Water Resources » |
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| Essay on Water Quality |
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| Water Quality Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Water Pollution. Water quality refers to the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water in relation to the standards created to test its suitability for a particular use, such as irrigating, swimming, fishing, or drinking. Water quality standards for drinking are more stringent than those for any other use. A variety of impurities or pollutants are able to harm water quality, and they may enter into water bodies from various sources, such as agricultural, industrial, and municipal activities (Botterill, 2003). Typical harmful materials include organic wastes, nutrients, sediments, minerals, persistent synthetic chemicals, toxic chemicals, and radiological waste products. While some pollutants, such as... |
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| Essay on Water Quality » |
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| Essay on Water Rights |
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| Water Rights Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Water Pollution. Water rights are legal rights to draw water from a particular source, such as rivers, streams, and groundwater, for some beneficial purposes, such as drinking or irrigating. In areas where sources of water are plentiful relative to the demand of the users, the allocation of water rights does not matter. However, in areas where available water is insufficient to meet demand, conflicting claims to that water must be resolved (Tietenberg, 2009). Over time, population growth together with economic development have increased water demand and consequently inflated the relative scarcity of the resource. In order to resolve conflicts between users of water, there exist various mechanisms across regions to allocate water... |
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| Essay on Water Rights » |
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| Essay on Water Pollution |
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| Water Pollution Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Water Pollution. Like air pollution, water pollution spreads quickly over a large area. Surface water and groundwater both serve as sources of drinking water, and both are uniquely affected by pollution. As a general rule of thumb, surface waters are more polluted than groundwaters due to disinfection by-products and the heavy industrialization of river and lake basins. However, the contamination of groundwater generally involves higher concentrations of chemicals because of the low amount of underground dispersion, mixing, and dilution. Because surface water is readily available to companies, lakes and rivers tend to be more polluted; however, because water constantly moves, the foreign materials are dispersed...
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| Essay on Water Pollution » |
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| Essay on Groundwater Resources |
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| Groundwater Resources Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Environmental Issues. There are approximately 1.385 billion cubic kilometers of water on, above, and in the Earth. However, the vast majority of the Earth's water (around 97 percent) is found in its oceans. Groundwater, though constituting less than 2 percent of the world's water, accounts for more than 98 percent of its available freshwater resources. In the United States, more than half of the population depends on groundwater, while in semiarid to arid regions the percentage of people using groundwater is almost 100 percent... |
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| Essay on Groundwater Resources » |
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| Essay on Freshwater Resources |
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| Freshwater Resources Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Environmental Issues. Freshwater is essential to support human life and Earth's biodiversity. Freshwater resources are under pressure from climate change and other sources, so policy makers must understand how climate affects freshwater and the importance of water resources. Freshwater is water that contains low concentrations of dissolved solids, such as salts. Water containing less than 1 gram per liter of dissolved solids is considered fresh, whereas water containing more than 1 gram per liter of such solids is saline... |
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| Essay on Freshwater Resources » |
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| Essay on Current Problems in Great Lakes Pollution |
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| Current Problems in Great Lakes Pollution Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Water Pollution. These changes tremendously improved water quality in all of the Great Lakes and many tributaries. Development along the shores has damaged wetlands and offshore lake habitat so that native species continue to suffer. Pollutants that were added to the lakes, before the cleanup that began in the 1970s remain in the lakes and new chemicals are being added. PCBs, mercury, and other chemicals that adhered to lake sediments and settled to the bottom are continually being dredged up in efforts to keep shipping channels open. Carcinogenic asbestos released by the steel industry has buried the floor of the western segment of Lake Superior. Agricultural runoff, detergents, and incompletely treated sewage... |
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| Essay on Current Problems in Great Lakes Pollution » |
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| Essay on Groundwater Cleanup |
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| Groundwater Cleanup Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Water Pollution. It has already been mentioned that keeping contaminants out of the water is easier and cheaper than cleaning the water once it has been contaminated. If this is true of surface water, then it is exponentially true of groundwater. The primary reason for this is that groundwater is so difficult to access. The natural cleansing that takes place in surface waters happens to a much lesser extent in groundwater. These waters move slowly, and pollutants are not flushed out as they are in streams and lakes. The oxygen that bacteria need for biodegrading is in short supply in groundwater.
Contaminated water in an aquifer is difficult to get to and in some cases must be removed from the aquifer for cleaning... |
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| Essay on Groundwater Cleanup » |
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| Essay on Wastewater Treatment |
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| Wastewater Treatment Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Water Pollution. Cleansing water of human waste is the focus of much of the water treatment that takes place in developed nations. The first sewage treatment plant in the United States was built in Washington, D.C., in 1889 to cleanse the foul-smelling, disease-ridden Potomac River. At the time, water quality was the domain of local councils, and there was no coordinated national or international water law. Wastewater treatment begins right after a toilet is flushed or a bathtub is drained. Pipes run from the house into a sewer main stretching down the street. Water also flows into the sewer main from storm drains. Like small streams coming together to form a large river, small pipes contribute to larger pipes until the sewage... |
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| Essay on Wastewater Treatment » |
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| Essay on Pathogens and Water-Related Diseases |
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| Pathogens and Water-Related Diseases Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Water Pollution. Water-related diseases are spread by organisms that need water for all or part of their life cycle. Mosquitoes are common disease carriers. Because these insects need water in which to breed, mosquito-borne diseases are prevalent where there is standing water. The most deadly waterborne disease is malaria, which kills more than one million people and causes nearly 400 million cases of acute illness a year. Malaria is most common in sub-Saharan Africa but also occurs in Central and South America, the Mediterranean countries, Asia, and many of the Pacific islands. Many of malaria's victims are under 5 years old; 1 in 20 African children will die of malaria. Malaria is caused by the protozoan Plasmodium... |
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| Essay on Pathogens and Water-Related Diseases » |
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| Essay on Pathogens and Water-Washed Diseases |
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| Pathogens and Water-Washed Diseases Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Water Pollution. Water-washed diseases are diseases that can be stopped or reduced with proper washing. Trachoma, the leading cause of preventable blindness in the world, is an example. The bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis travels on an infected person's hands or clothing, or on flies that have landed on the discharge emanating from an infected person's eyes or nose. The illness strikes children, damaging the inner eyelid and cornea, but brings on blindness in adults after they have suffered from repeated infections and scarring. Because these victims are usually in their prime years, the disease is an enormous hardship to families and communities. Women are three times more likely to be debilitated by the disease... |
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| Essay on Pathogens and Water-Washed Diseases » |
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| Essay on The Effects of Acid Rain on Lakes and Streams |
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| The Effects of Acid Rain on Lakes and Streams Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Water Pollution. The type of the rock and soil in a specific locality helps explain why acid rain can cause great damage in some regions and cause little damage in others. Rocks and soils that contain calcium carbonate, including limestone, marble, and their soils, can neutralize an acidic solution, a quality called buffering capacity. The pH of ponds and streams situated in these rock types will be nearly normal, even if the rainwater is acidic. Nebraska, Indiana, and other Midwestern states do not suffer from acid rain problems due to their well-buffered soils. However, if the buffering capacity of these rocks and soils is exceeded, the region will be vulnerable to acid damage. Most rock and soil... |
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| Essay on The Effects of Acid Rain on Lakes and Streams » |
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| Essay on Water Pollutants |
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| Water Pollutants Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Water Pollution. Water pollutants may find their way out of the water or may be diluted, dispersed, or broken down. Pollutants in surface waters can leave a water body by flowing from one reservoir to another, as from a stream into a lake or the ocean. Some adhere to sediments that fall through the water and settle on the lake bottom. Eventually, these sediments, along with the pollutants, are buried by other sediments. A polluted body of water will be diluted by rainwater or water from other streams, and these two types of water will be mixed by currents and waves. Bacteria will biodegrade organic pollutants, which make up the largest volume of waste, over time. This organic material acts as fertilizer in an ecosystem... |
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| Essay on Water Pollutants » |
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| Essay on Clean Water Technology and Law |
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| Clean Water Technology and Law Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Water Pollution. Thousands of organizations and universities focus on the status of the world's waters and they follow three main objectives: exploration, conservation, or pollution. All of them agree on one purpose of water quality programs: to assure the planet's biota have a permanent and dependable source of safe water to sustain life. This task relies on new technologies. It is often said that scientists have learned more about outer space than they have about the depths of the ocean. Technologies now used for ocean studies have been adapted from space exploration, and vice versa, and oceanographers have begun to apply to aquatic ecosystems the methods used for repairing land ecosystems. Jeremy Jackson is... |
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| Essay on Clean Water Technology and Law » |
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| Essay on Surface Water Treatment |
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| Surface Water Treatment Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Water Pollution. The Clean Water Act of 1972 sets a goal of zero discharge for industries and municipalities, meaning they must assure that they put no contaminants directly into lakes, ponds, streams, or rivers. For zero discharge to work, towns must keep their sewer systems maintained and free of leaks. Wastewater treatment plants must also assure that treated wastewaters carry no hazards back into the environment. But no one can control storms. In heavy rains, runoff can overflow the storm sewers that lead to treatment plants. In the worst cases contaminated waters bypass treatment altogether and enter rivers, estuaries, and coastal waters. Storm surges from the ocean further compound the problem by pushing contaminants... |
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| Essay on Surface Water Treatment » |
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| Essay on Coastal and Ocean Pollution |
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| Coastal and Ocean Pollution Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Water Pollution. Coastal pollution comes from urban, industrial, and agricultural runoff as well as from pollution at sea that washes to shore. Pollution along coasts affects shorelines, estuaries, swamps, and wetlands. Wetlands and swamps play an especially important role as natural filters of hazardous substances, preventing them from reaching the ocean. But their plants and microorganisms degrade pollutants slowly and, today, they cannot keep up with the pollution pouring into them. The World Water Council reports on its Web site that 50 percent of the world's wetlands have disappeared in the last century; the contiguous United States has lost 53 percent. The United States currently retains slightly less than... |
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| Essay on Coastal and Ocean Pollution » |
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| Essay on Water Pollution |
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| Water Pollution Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Water Pollution. Water pollution is any chemical, physical, or biological change in water quality that makes it unusable or causes harm to ecosystems. Pollution can occur naturally due to seismic shifts or violent storms, but most water pollution today is because of human activities. Surface water pollution comes from the air, land, and from tributaries, and may take the form of chemicals, biological matter, or physical changes in the water itself. Chemical pollution includes inorganic and organic substances. Pesticides, industrial chemicals, household cleaning products, metals, paints, and radioactive compounds are some of the many chemicals that can dissolve or suspend in water. Biological pollutants consist of microscopic... |
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| Essay on Water Pollution » |
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| Essay on Ocean Disposal |
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| Ocean Disposal Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Water Pollution. Ocean disposal ranges from dumping toxic chemicals, sewage, dredge spoils (material removed during dredging), and bilge water to accidental spills from oil tankers. Dumping of waste and dredge spoils has long been a part of the United States' waste process, as it provides an economically viable option for disposing millions of metric tons of waste. Dumping waste into the oceans has increasingly been shown to adversely affect aquatic ecosystems and contribute to global warming. There are strict ocean disposal regulations in the United States, including the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA) of 1972 and the Clean Water Act (CWA) of 1972; nevertheless, illegal ocean disposal still occurs frequently... |
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| Essay on Ocean Disposal » |
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