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|  Essay on Bread for the World Organization |
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| Bread for the World Organization Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Politics. Founded in 1974 by the Reverend Arthur Simon, Bread for the World, a Christian citizens' organization, has been devoted to hunger issues around the globe since its inception. What began as a small group of Roman Catholics and Protestants grew to more than 45,000 members by the 1990s and continues to maintain a large membership base. This nonpartisan, multidenominational organization is composed of concerned Christians and is devoted primarily to lobbying the government to make real and lasting improvements for the world's poorest people. Bread for the World does not provide direct relief, but instead focuses its grassroots efforts on contacting members of Congress, encouraging them to propose... |
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| Essay on Bread for the World Organization » |
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| Essay on Agudat Israel of America |
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| Agudat Israel of America Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Politics. Almost from the beginning of the Zionist enterprise that was born at the end of the 19th century, some of its most vociferous opponents were Jews. While much of the Jewish opposition to Zionism came from secularized communities in western Europe and North America, a significant proportion was also from a segment of the Orthodox Jewish constituency. Agudat Israel was the foremost anti-Zionist expression to emanate from Orthodox Judaism. These Jews believed that political Zionism was a heretical travesty. They believed that Israel could only be reestablished by the intervention of the Messiah. In the view of Agudat Israel, the state of Israel is different from other countries. It is a sacred polity that cannot... |
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| Essay on The World Trade Organization (WTO) |
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| The World Trade Organization (WTO) Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Politics. The WTO was created in 1995 from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) as a body to lower tariffs and, therefore, enhance trade and oversee economic disputes between nations. GATT had been created in 1948, and the body achieved notable gains in eliminating tariffs. However, it was less successful in overcoming nontariff barriers to trade such as subsidies and commercial practices. Consequently, during the Uruguay Round of GATT (1986-1995), a range of reform proposals were considered. Participant countries in GATT agreed that further economic progress could be accomplished only through the development of dispute resolution mechanism and trade review mechanisms. To accomplish... |
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| Essay on The World Bank Group |
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| The World Bank Group Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Politics. The World Bank Group (commonly referred to as simply the World Bank), founded in 1945, consists of five international financial institutions that provide grants, loans, and technical assistance to countries in an effort to promote economic development and alleviate poverty: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Finance Corporation, the International Development Association, the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, and the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes. The World Bank's services are generally focused on the developing world and cover issues such as economic development in general, strengthening financial networks, improvements... |
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| Essay on The United Nations Dues Controversy |
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| The United Nations Dues Controversy Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Politics. With the end of the Cold War, there were calls by successive U.S. administrations for the United Nations (UN) to reassess the level of dues paid by America to support the organization. Throughout the superpower struggle, the United States had paid 25 percent of the overall budget of the UN and provided as much as 31 percent of the budget for peacekeeping operations. American officials argued that the fee structure had been determined at a time when the United States accounted for a much greater share of the world economy and that Washington's payments should now be reduced. In addition, senior congressmen, notably North Carolina Republican senator Jesse Helms, argued that the UN was corrupt... |
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| Essay on The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) |
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| The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Politics. OPEC is an international cartel that seeks to control the supply and prices of oil and other fuel sources. OPEC was formed in 1960. It currently consists of Algeria, Angola, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. OPEC countries account for approximately 65 percent of the world's proven oil reserves and, in 2006, about 40 percent of global oil production. In 1973, in response to the Yom Kippur War, Arab members of OPEC imposed an oil embargo against the West. The embargo led to shortages and inflated prices, but also spurred new exploration and production facilities. By the 1980s, oil production... |
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| Essay on The Organization of American States (OAS) |
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| The Organization of American States Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Politics. A regional security forum for the Western Hemisphere. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the OAS includes all 35 countries of the region. Cuba remains a member, but its government has been excluded from participation in the organization since 1962. The 1947 Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (the Rio Treaty) created a collective security arrangement for the hemisphere, and the following year, the OAS was formed to carryout the principles of the treaty. During the Cold War, the United States endeavored to use the OAS to counter communism and other threats to regional security. In 1962, Cuba was suspended from the organization. In the 1990s, Washington increasingly turned to the OAS... |
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| Essay on The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) |
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| The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Politics. The OSCE evolved from the Conference on Security and Cooperationin Europe (CSCE), an arms control mechanism of the Cold War. The OSCE's primary tasks are conflict prevention and resolution, dispute management, and the promotion of democracy. Beginning in 1972, the members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Warsaw Pact, and neutral European states initiated a series of arms control and confidence-building measures known as the Helsinki Process. In 1973, formal meetings began, dubbed the CSCE. The CSCE culminated in 1975 when 35 heads of state signed the Helsinki Final Act, which created guiding principles for future interaction and discussion... |
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| Essay on The International Criminal Court (ICC) |
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| The International Criminal Court Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Politics. A global tribunal created in 2002 to investigate and try war crimes, including genocide and crimes against humanity. The origins of the ICC were in the Nuremburg trials following World War II. Impetus to establish the ICC accelerated in the 1990s following the creation of several tribunals to try people suspected of crimes against humanity in the Bosnian Conflict and during the Rwandan genocide. International negotiations resulted in the Rome Statute in 1998, which created the ICC. The agreement to create the court was contentious, and during the conference to draft the accord, the United States, the People's Republic of China, Israel, Iraq, Libya, Qatar, and Yemen voted against the final draft... |
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| Essay on The International Criminal Court (ICC) » |
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| Essay on The Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) |
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| The Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Politics. The Free Trade Area of the Americas is a proposed economic agreement that would eliminate trade barriers among the 34 democratic countries of the Western Hemisphere. The FTAA was endorsed by the heads of state of the potential member states at the Summit of the Americas in Miami in 1994 and was perceived as the successor to the North American Free Trade Agreement. Following the summit, 12 working groups were created to establish the main principles, goals, and sequence of the proposed agreement. In 1998, the working groups presented their main findings and agreed to present a draft of the accord at the next Summit of the Americas in Quebec City in April 2001. The leaders of the 34 states... |
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| Essay on The Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) » |
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| Essay on The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) |
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| The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Politics. ASEAN was formed in 1967 as a regional organization to prevent Communist expansion during the Cold War. It evolved into a trade organization and welcomed former Communist countries as members in the 1990s. ASEAN members include Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar (Burma), the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. In 2006, the trade bloc consisted of more than 554 million people with a combined economy worth more than $2.17 trillion. In 2005, the ASEAN region was the fourth largest trade partner with the United States. In 1994, the ASEAN members began meeting with other countries and organizations through what became known as the ASEAN Regional Forum... |
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| Essay on The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) |
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| The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Politics. The APEC forum is a regional organization that promotes economic and political collaboration among countries in the Pacific Ocean or along its rim. APEC was formed in 1989 by 12 countries: Australia, Brunei, Canada, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, and the United States. Membership grew to 21 states with the addition in the 1990s of Chile, Hong Kong, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, the People's Republic of China, Peru, Russia, Taiwan, and Vietnam. The administration of George W. Bush has supported India's admission to APEC. The organization has sponsored a range of agreements that reduced tariffs and other impediments to trade... |
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