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| You Are Here: Writing Service > Essay Topics > Sex and Gender Essays & Research Papers |
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|  Essay on The Fabrication of Women |
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| The Fabrication of Women Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. The impact of the linguistic turn on the writing of U.S. women's/gender history has been to problematize the language used to describe the history of women and question the binary opposition of biological sex. The historian Joan Kelly (1976) argued that women's history attempts to return women to history and history to women. Women cannot be studied in isolation because to study one sex necessarily entails studying the other. Furthermore, women's history does not accept the social relations between the sexes as natural but insists that they are socially constructed by and for women. The linguistic turn questions what is meant by women, womanhood, and femininity rather than accepting their meanings as standard... |
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| Free Essay on Economics and Consumption» |
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| Essay on Gender Effects of the Culture of Consumption |
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| Gender Effects of the Culture of Consumption Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. The concepts of production and consumption had a significant impact on women and gender. Industrialization separated the work of women from that of men (and children). The shift was not from production to consumption but from one system of production to another. Whereas women, men, and children previously had to work together to accomplish household tasks, household technology created devices that made women the sole beneficiaries of such work; significantly, those devices actually increased women's labor rather than reducing it. For example, before the creation of the vacuum cleaner, women, men, and children would haul out their rugs perhaps once per season and even children might participate... |
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| Free Essay on Economics and Consumption» |
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| Essay on Women as Producers, Consumers, and Choosers |
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| Women as Producers, Consumers, and Choosers Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Before industrialization the colonial housewife was valued for her contributions as a producer. However, by 1820 the housewife had been replaced by the wife and mother who was no longer seen as a producer but as a dependent and a consumer. Thus, not only did the site of material production change from in-house to out-ofhouse, there was also an ideological shift in terms of women's status. Women's work was devalued by 1820, and women were devalued as well. The shift from a producer to a consumer society affected women's roles to varying degrees. For example, mid-Atlantic farmwomen between 1750 and 1850 illustrated a distinction between the history of rural women and that of urban women... |
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| Free Essay on Economics and Consumption» |
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| Essay on Economics of Sex and Gender |
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| Economics of Sex and Gender Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Work on public policy issues affecting women's economic status has been extensive, not only on matters of labor market discrimination but also on issues such as access to credit or pensions, welfare and poverty, childcare availability, family leaves, health care, and taxation. Beginning in the 1990s, a number of countries developed ''gender budgets'' that analyze government budgets for their gender impacts. Scholars of the history of economic thought have researched the lives and writings of early women economists and examined how male economists treated issues of sex and gender in historical texts. In the process, they have brought renewed appreciation (at least among feminists) to the economic writings... |
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| Free Essay on Economics and Consumption» |
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| Essay on Feminist Critiques of Economics |
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| Feminist Critiques of Economics Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. In the early 1990s feminist economists began publishing more thoroughgoing critiques of the mainstream discipline, pointing out that the failures in labor market and household theories were not just isolated instances but rather signs of deep-seated masculinist bias in the discipline. Formal choice-theoretic modeling; a central image of rational, autonomous, and self-interested economic man; and a narrow focus on mathematical and econometric methods were (and still are) hallmarks of mainstream economics. Feminists argued that these are a Procrustean bed when it comes to analyzing phenomena fraught with issues of tradition, connection to others, and relations of power and domination. Feminists began to... |
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| Free Essay on Economics and Consumption» |
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| Essay on Sex Roles |
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| Sex Roles Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Sex roles refer to socially coded behaviors and practices often related to a person's reproductive capacities, such as women with the roles of motherhood and men with fatherhood. The term sex role is often used interchangeably with the term gender role; however, the modifier gender implies roles may be socially or culturally produced whereas sex implies roles may be naturally or biologically determined. Notions of sex roles tend to privilege biological factors such as internal or external sex organs, chromosomes and hormones as determining a person's social placement as either male or female, man or woman. Such determinations rely on a dualistic or binary understanding of sexual difference... |
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| Free Essay on Gender Roles» |
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| Essay on Transgender People and Gender Identities |
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| Transgender People and Gender Identities Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Transgender is an umbrella term used to refer to a diverse group of individuals who challenge socially and culturally constructed gender norms. Historically the term was used to refer to cross-dressers or transvestites (those who desire to wear clothing associated with another sex). In contemporary context the term has broadened to include a number of gender variant groups: male-to-female transsexuals (MTF); female-to-male transsexuals (FTM); transgenderists (those who live in the gender role associated with another sex without sex reassignment surgery); bigender persons (those who identify as both man and woman); drag queens and kings (typically gay men and lesbian women, respectively... |
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| Free Essay on Gender Roles» |
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| Essay on Tomboys |
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| Tomboys Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. The word tomboy originated in the mid-sixteenth century and referred both to a boisterous boy or girl and to an unchaste or immodest woman. From the seventeenth century on, the term has referred solely to girls whose behavior is considered boylike, being especially active, spirited, outspoken, and indelicate. In all applications, it has been used to censure a person considered deviant. As a stage of sexual and psychological development, tomboyism occurs between childhood and puberty and is an explicitly temporary stage during which it is more or less socially acceptable for a girl to behave contrary to the norms of stereotypical femininity. Tomboys often wear boys' clothes, prefer boys' games... |
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| Free Essay on Gender Roles» |
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| Essay on Spinsters and Bachelors |
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| Spinsters and Bachelors Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Spinster at first designated, simply, people (either male or female) whose occupation was spinning. The term was originally appended in name lists of various sorts to designate the individual's occupation. From the seventeenth century onward, the term morphed into a legal designation for a never-married woman and from there into general use, where it usually was deployed with faintly pitying or contemptuous connotations. Thus a term that begins as an occupational tag for people (mostly women) who could support themselves independently with the work of their hands evolves into an invidious policing technique for what Adrienne Rich famously dubbed ''compulsory heterosexuality'': a spinster... |
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| Free Essay on Gender Roles» |
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| Essay on Physical Culture and Sexuality |
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| Physical Culture and Sexuality Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. If only because it involves partial nudity, the physical culture movement, like modern bodybuilding after it, has always been closely tied to sexuality. As a feature of Sandow's stage shows, women were invited to come backstage afterward, where they could feel his muscles upon payment of a fee. Although bodybuilding culture has thus given women opportunities to appreciate the male form since its inception, the sport's primary relation to sexuality has been a long and uneasy association with homosexuality. Because bodybuilding is one of the few arenas in twentieth- and twenty-first-century culture where men have been allowed to look at and appreciate the bodies of other men, the sport... |
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| Free Essay on Gender Roles» |
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| Essay on Evolving Theories of Gender |
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| Evolving Theories of Gender Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. The recognition of the mutually constitutive character of multiple differences in the processes by which people acquire their gendered selves is equally central to theories of gender moving beyond the equality versus difference debate and that can be situated within the paradigm of social constructionism, a more general trend of critical thought that became significant in the course of the 1980s. Social constructionist theorists of gender do not regard difference as something that is an intrinsic part or essential aspect of identity/subjectivity, but, instead, the product of power relations. Adopting a view on power inspired by the French philosopher and historian Michel Foucault (1926-1984)... |
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| Free Essay on Gender Studies» |
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| Essay on Late-20th-Century Models and Gender Theories |
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| Late-20th-Century Models and Gender Theories Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Within the expanding domain of gender theory, three aspects are commonly understood to operate simultaneously and in interconnected manners. First, gender is a feature of subjectivity, that is to say, people conceive of and recognize themselves in gendered terms, both individually and collectively. Second, gender functions as a social variable, structuring the ways in which different kinds of people--classified in, among others, the binary terms of sex difference--tend to assume different social positions and pursue different and largely preordained life courses within a multiply stratified sociocultural realm. Third, gender designates the cultural representations... |
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| Free Essay on Gender Studies» |
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| Essay on Theories of Gender |
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| Theories of Gender Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Traditionally gender has been used primarily as a grammatical term. Gender aspects constitute a subclass within a grammatical class (noun, pronoun, adjective, or verb) of a language that is partly arbitrary but also partly based on distinguishable characteristics (shape, social rank, manner of existence, or sex) and that determines agreement with and selection of other words or grammatical forms. In the second half of the twentieth century, largely through the rise of second-wave feminism, gender entered into everyday language either as a synonym of sex--serving to distinguish individuals on the basis of their reproductive capacities into male or female--or, in contrast, to set off precisely... |
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| Free Essay on Gender Studies» |
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| Essay on The Link between Gender Identity and Sexuality |
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| The Link between Gender Identity and Sexuality Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. In the West, at least since the late nineteenth century, gender identity has been intertwined with sexuality such that men who exhibit stereotypically feminine traits are in some contexts assumed to be gay, and woman who exhibit masculine traits, lesbian. This collapsing of gender identification with object choice served capitalism in a number of different ways, shoring up the family as a reproductive unit at a time when capitalism itself threatened to free sexuality from the obligations of procreation. A number of different factors--the increase in the demand for wage labor and the dissolution of the family as an independent economic unit that this demand produced... |
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| Free Essay on Gender Studies» |
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| Essay on Female Masculinity Studies |
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| Female Masculinity Studies Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Clearly, the postmodern critique of identity categorization has thrown a wrench into all sorts of academic discourse. But for a field such as women's studies, itself a result of a political movement (feminism) originating in a politics of (gendered) identity, the effects are particularly apposite. Theorists such as Wendy Brown (1997), for instance, taking off from queer theory and poststructuralism, have gone as far as to prophesize the ''impossibility of women's studies,'' while writers as diverse as Eve K. Sedgwick, Judith Butler, and Judith Halberstam have pushed the field into looking at how gender and sexuality manifest themselves outside of a binary male/female framework. Exploring such topics... |
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| Free Essay on Gender Studies» |
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| Essay on Repressions of Homosexuality |
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| Repressions of Homosexuality Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. In most historical periods, same-sex sexual activity has left few traces. By contrast, verbal sanctions that regulated or sought to regulate homoeroticism have often survived in writing. For the pre-modern period, sexual prohibitions therefore provide one of the main sources for our knowledge of sexual cultures in the past. The earliest known prohibitions on same-sex sexual activity arose from societies in the Near East with little separation between a legal and a religious sphere: the Zoroastrian ''Code Against the Devas,'' the Book of Leviticus, St. Paul's New Testament letters, and the Koran. Such passages, taken from specific contexts, are far from unequivocal. Reiterations of older laws... |
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| Free Essay on Homosexuality» |
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| Essay on Sodomy Laws and Decriminalization |
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| Sodomy Laws and Decriminalization Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Sodomy laws, or more accurately, antisodomy laws, are statutes that prohibit sodomy. The term sodomy refers generally to modes of sexual intercourse involving the anus or body parts other than the penis or vagina. More specifically the term refers to male anal intercourse with another male, although the term is sometimes enlarged to refer to anal intercourse between males and females, males and animals, or any sexual act that is not heterosexual genital intercourse. The term sodomy derives from the name of the town Sodom, described in Genesis as a place of careless sin and deep lack of hospitality. In the Bible God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah because their residents... |
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| Free Essay on Homosexuality» |
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| Essay on Perspectives on Sodomy |
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| Perspectives on Sodomy Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Sodomy, as the term is generally used, refers to anal sex. It most commonly is used to describe anal sex between two males, although it has also been used to describe anal sex between a man and a woman. In common parlance in Great Britain, the term buggery is used. It carries the same connotations as sodomy but is often used as well to describe a kind of benign, nonstigmatized queerness. According to historian John Boswell, the word sodomy has meant, over time, ''everything from ordinary heterosexual intercourse in an atypical position to oral sexual contact with animals. At some points in history it has referred almost exclusively to male homosexuality and at other times almost... |
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| Free Essay on Homosexuality» |
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| Essay on Sin Contra Naturam |
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| Sin Contra Naturam Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. In theological, philosophical, scientific, legal, and literary texts from the medieval and early modern periods, the term contra naturam (against nature) was applied to a range of nonprocreative sexual acts (masturbation, oral sex, same-sex relations, bestiality). From the eleventh century on, the sin against nature was frequently conflated with sodomy, but the meaning of the two terms was never precise or fixed--indeed, it was often deliberately vague; their valence was dependent to a great extent on the immediate context in which they were deployed. Whereas sodomy was an invention of medieval theology, the idea of an act or sin against nature was part of Christianity's inheritance from... |
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| Free Essay on Homosexuality» |
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| Essay on Same-Sex Love and Sex |
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| Same-Sex Love and Sex Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. The adjectival form same-sex, usually hyphenated, appears with some consistency in the early 1970s, not necessarily in relation to issues of homosexuality. The phrase is applied to homosexuality in a 1969 reader that argues for the normalcy of homosexuality (Weltge 1969). Same-sex is used in a 1973 review of literature hostile to homosexuality, seeing it as a sickness and a state, not an identity (Sagarin 1973, p. 10). In a 1978 article, Lillian Faderman applies the term freely to love, sex, and friendship. By the 1990s, however, with the debates between essentialists and constructionists, same-sex begins to lose its neutrality and to reflect anxieties around accusations of ''essentialism''... |
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| Free Essay on Homosexuality» |
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| Essay on Adult Film Industry |
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| Adult Film Industry Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. The first erotic film images came from the serious work of English photographer Eadweard Muybridge (1830-1904), who took a series of still photographs of nude women carrying out everyday acts in the period from 1884 to 1887. The subjects' nudity permitted the viewer to see how the body moved. Erotic cinema is as old as the film industry itself. Thomas Edison (1847-1931), who began to produce short films in the late 1890s, made some provocative entries, such as What Happened in the Tunnel and Aunt Sallie's Wonderful Bustle. Early film pioneer Georges Melies (1861-1938) produced an 1897 film called After the Ball-The Tub depicting a naked young woman in a bathtub attended by her maid... |
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| Free Essay on Pornography» |
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| Essay on Pornographic Images |
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| Pornographic Images Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. From the time of the ancient Greeks, images of sexual activity have been inscribed on walls, pottery, and other everyday items. Nude studies in sculpture and painting are common. The walls of Pompeii included many sexually explicit murals, whose exhibition in the eighteenth century was limited initially only to discerning gentlemen. Erect phalli dotted some landscapes, and genitalia protectively adorned architecture. Some of these images evoked gods of fecundity; others celebrated daily life in societies where sexuality was more open. After the Renaissance more openly erotic art gradually became a part of the fine art tradition. As printing technologies became more sophisticated and cheaper... |
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| Free Essay on Pornography» |
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| Essay on Pornographic Literature |
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| Pornographic Literature Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Obscene texts have existed ever since there have been texts, if obscenity is defined as the representation of sexual activity. Most texts, such as the Bible, that in some way portray a vision of life and human history, include sexual matters because they are an integral and important part of life and its dilemmas. Ancient Greek literature reflects the culture's pleasure in sexuality. As the originators of pornography focused on descriptions of prostitutes, the Greeks produced a large number of texts on the lives and habits of courtesans (professional women of pleasure). Greek dramatic comedies often consist of sexual humor, such as Aristophanes's Lysistrata and The Frogs (405 BCE)... |
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| Free Essay on Pornography» |
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| Essay on History of the Concept of the Pornography |
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| History of the Concept of the Pornography Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. In the Middle East and Europe, ancient cultures understood sexuality as an integral part of life and social relations. The Hebrew Bible includes numerous accounts of passion, sexual liaisons, adultery, and other behavior, which might be deemed pornographic if such instances had not also often been occasions for moral lessons. Ancient Greek writing about prostitutes was not pornographic in the modern sense. The Greeks were fairly open about sexuality and nudity, seeing it as a form of social commerce. Greek culture, especially among the upper classes, often featured multiple sexual liaisons with courtesans (or high-class prostitutes) and male youths. Greek theater... |
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| Free Essay on Pornography» |
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| Essay on Pornography Definition |
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| Pornography Definition Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Pornography consists of literary texts, images, magazines, films, videos, audio tapes, erotic arts, theatrical events, Internet sites, and other forms of representation that depict sexual and/or salacious subjects without sufficiently redeeming artistic merit. The purpose of pornography is to excite its consumers sexually, but what may count as pornography at any given time or location is defined by the tastes, ideals, fears, and repressions of the local community. Although the ancient Greeks employed the term pornographos (pornos meaning prostitute and graphos meaning writing), referring to writing about the lives and acts of prostitutes, the term and its more modern concept do not appear in English... |
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| Free Essay on Pornography» |
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| Essay on Whore: History of the Term |
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| Whore: History of the Term Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. A whore is a woman prostitute or any woman or man who engages in sexual activity that is deemed immoral or culturally unacceptable. Throughout much of modern history, the term has been used negatively, to condemn or chastise and to indicate wrongdoing. However, historical evidence suggests that, prior to the advent of Christianity, some women acted as sacred whores in the service of religions that revered such sexual service instead of condemning it. In such societies, the term whore was a label of respect. In ancient cultures such as Babylonia, India, and Israel, temples dedicated to certain goddesses included temple prostitutes, sacred women whose sexual service functioned as both a self-sacrifice... |
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| Free Essay on Prostitution» |
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| Essay on Rent Boy (Rentboy) |
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| Rent Boy (Rentboy) Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Rent boy, or rentboy, is a term that is used to describe a particular type of male prostitute. It refers primarily to young men (although its use extends to male prostitutes of all ages) who have sex with men. The term originated in Great Britain, Ireland, and New Zealand and originally was applied to a male prostitute who was both young and working-class. Middle-class and upper-class male prostitutes more commonly would have been called escorts, and older male prostitutes would have been referred to as hustlers. The rent boy was almost exclusively a street worker who charged low rates for his service. Although the term retains its original meaning, it has gained a certain cachet within the sex-worker... |
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| Free Essay on Prostitution» |
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| Essay on Public Policy on Prostitution |
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| Public Policy on Prostitution Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. There are three main government policies toward prostitution. Under criminalization prostitution and related conduct, such as pimping, trafficking, and running a house of prostitution, are illegal. Legalization refers to some type of government regulation, including special taxes, mandatory health checks, registration or licensing, and stipulations on the locations in which prostitution is permitted. Under decriminalization prostitution is not subject to a criminal sanction, and under total decriminalization it is entirely free of legal regulation. Total decriminalization is rare throughout the world, whereas legalization exists in several nations. In the United States criminalization... |
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| Free Essay on Prostitution» |
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| Essay on Contemporary Prostitution |
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| Contemporary Prostitution Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. The contemporary sex trade is big business worldwide, with numerous providers, customers, and third-party profiteers. Prostitution takes various forms. Independent call girls operate out of their own residences, where they do both in-call and out-call service. Escorts, who provide out-call service, are employed by agencies that advertise in the telephone book and on the Internet. Others work in bars, massage parlors, saunas, tanning salons, and brothels and on the street. Male and transgender prostitution also exists in many cities. Because prostitution involves direct sexual contact, it is stigmatized more heavily than is ''hands-off'' sex work such as stripping and commercial telephone sex. In general... |
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| Free Essay on Prostitution» |
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| Essay on History of Prostitution |
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| History of Prostitution Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. In ancient times some forms of prostitution had positive associations. ''Sacred prostitution,'' in which men had sex with a temple priestess, was a way of worshipping a deity. Prostitution existed in ancient Greece and Rome, where it was an accepted part of life. In Greece prostitutes at the lowest level worked in licensed brothels. Those in the highest echelon, the hetaerae, were courtesans who were valued for their intellect and beauty. They kept salons where they fraternized with politicians, artists, and intellectuals. Hetaerae enjoyed great freedom and mobility unknown to other Greek women of the time (Roberts 1993). The Romans did not operate state brothels but did attempt to regulate... |
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| Free Essay on Prostitution» |
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| Essay on Sex Trafficking Of Women |
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| Sex Trafficking Of Women Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Human sex trafficking is an international commercial activity in which force, coercion, and fraud are used to transport women and children across international boundaries for economic gain. As a complex organized criminal activity, human trafficking is comparable to the trafficking of drugs and weapons, but it is more profitable and less risky because many forms of the trade appear legitimate. Within the global practice of human trafficking, 70 percent of the victims are women and 50 percent are children under age eighteen. Estimates of the number of women and children trafficked each year range from 700,000 to four million, and annual profits are estimated at $7 billion. Demand for human trafficking... |
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| Free Essay on Rape & Sex Crimes» |
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| Essay on Prevention of Sexual Abuse |
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| Prevention of Sexual Abuse Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Young argues that one way of preventing sexual abuse (by men or women) is to create attention for it in public media. Though she addresses child sexual abuse, her points apply to sexual abuse in general as well. She speaks of the need to state explicitly that sexual abuse is wrong, harmful to its victims, and punishable by law. An added benefit of publicity is that children (and other victims) learn that what is being done to them is unacceptable and not their fault, so they are more likely to seek help. Reactions of victims after any kind of sexual abuse often include feelings of shame or isolation, and a sense that they invited it upon themselves, that they are to blame. Public attention... |
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| Free Essay on Rape & Sex Crimes» |
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| Essay on Sexual Abuse |
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| Sexual Abuse Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Sexual abuse includes many different forms of unwanted sexual attention or actions toward an individual. Psychologist Jon Shaw summarized it as ''any sexual behavior which occurs: (1) without consent, (2) without equality, or (3) as a result of coercion'' (1999 p. 4). Victims can be female or male, adults or children. Sexually abusive acts include forced entry of the vagina or anus with penis or object, forced manipulation of the perpetrator's genitals, forced masturbation, frottage, exhibitionism on the part of the perpetrator (exposing genitals), exposure to pornography or explicit sexual language, forced sexual contact with another person while perpetrator watches, and forced prostitution or forced... |
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| Free Essay on Rape & Sex Crimes» |
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| Essay on Sex Crimes Reflecting Ideas of Immorality |
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| Sex Crimes Reflecting Ideas of Immorality Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Many acts that are considered to be sex crimes involve parties who participate in such acts willingly. These crimes relate to issues of marriage and infidelity, nonreproductive sexual activities, prostitution and pandering, and pornography and obscenity. Crimes surrounding marriage include adultery, defined as sexual intercourse between two persons, one of whom is married to a third person; polygamy, or being married to more than one person at a time; compelling a woman to marry by force; and, in some states, having sexual relations outside of marriage. This last crime is referred to as gross lewdness or lewd and lascivious cohabitation. Some of the statutes are rarely... |
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| Free Essay on Rape & Sex Crimes» |
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| Essay on Sex Crimes Involving Nonconsensual Behavior |
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| Sex Crimes Involving Nonconsensual Behavior Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Such acts as indecent exposure or exhibitionism, voyeurism, sexual touching, stalking and Internet stalking, sexual assault and rape, domestic violence, and abuse by caregivers involve the attempted imposition of sexual behaviors and desires on others who are unaware of the attention, who are unwilling participants in an exchange involving sexual behaviors, or who have no power to refuse unwanted attentions. Most of these actions involve some degree of violence or the threat of violence and it may be argued are less sexual crimes than they are crimes of anger or power. Indecent exposure and voyeurism are threatening but are perhaps the least violent of these crimes... |
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| Free Essay on Rape & Sex Crimes» |
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| Essay on Sex Tourism |
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| Sex Tourism Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. For many in the immediate post-Vietnam War era, the words sex tourism were associated with organized trips to the massage parlors and brothels of Thailand or to the red-light districts of cities such as Amsterdam and Hamburg. The phenomenon seemed apparently simple and was explained in terms of men exercising the dominion of the wallet over women, who were generally perceived as unwilling victims. Where women were categorized as other than victims, the conceptualization often owed much to Victorian concepts of the diseased woman, an outcast from mainstream society, to be banished from respectable society. However, the nature of the debate as to what constitutes sex tourism, and the impacts it has, had widened... |
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| Free Essay on Sex Industry» |
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| Essay on The Sex Shops |
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| The Sex Shops Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. The sex shop--or, as it is often called, the adult bookstore or novelty store--is a store that sells products, occasionally referred to as marital aides, designed for the promotion and enhancement of sexual activity. Sex shops typically sell personal vibrators and dildos, anal plugs, masturbation aides, herbal aphrodisiacs, condoms, lubricants, nipple rings and clamps, various bondage and discipline and sadism and masochism (BDSM) accessories, instructional and sexual self-help books, and pornography. The world's first sex shop, opened by the German sex industry group Beate Uhse AG, opened in Flensburg in 1962. Founded in 1946 by Germany's first female stunt pilot, Beate Uhse-Rotermund, Beate Uhse AG began... |
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| Free Essay on Sex Industry» |
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| Essay on Sex Museums |
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| Sex Museums Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Beginning in 1985 with Amsterdam's Venus Temple, sex museums have become a special genre of museum display. Their subject matter is sexuality in all of its manifestations, from masturbation to group sex, erotic art, erotic objects, books and manuscripts, furniture, sex toys, and sexual subcultures. The collections of such museums span histories and cultures from ancient China, Africa, and Central America to modern Europe and North America. By the beginning of the twenty-first century, there were sex museums on four continents: the Ancient Chinese Sex Culture Museum in Tongli, China, and in Seoul, New York, Paris, Barcelona, Amsterdam, Berlin, Hamburg, Copenhagen, and Canberra, Australia. Most sex museums... |
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| Free Essay on Sex Industry» |
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| Essay on Sex Trafficking, Tourism, And Legal Issues |
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| Sex Trafficking, Tourism, And Legal Issues Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Migration and tourism has raised awareness of the global nature of the sex industry. Both Germany and the Netherlands have large red-light districts in major cities; studies suggest that many of the prostitutes are immigrants, and a substantial percentage of the districts' clients are tourists. Though sex tourism occurs in most areas of the world, some countries, such as Thailand and the Philippines, are particularly known for it. Although the Europe and North America tends to conceive of the sex tourist as a white heterosexual male visiting an exotic Asian or tropical locale, the evidence provides a more varied picture. In Thailand, for example, the vast majority of sex tourists... |
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| Free Essay on Sex Industry» |
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| Essay on Sex Industry |
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| Sex Industry Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. The term sex industry refers to the people and organizations that provide sexual products, services, or performances in exchange for monetary compensation. The term encompasses a variety of enterprises, including print, video, and Internet pornography, prostitution, sex shows, phone sex operations, sex shops, peep shows, massage parlors, sex tourism, and strip clubs. Those employed in the sex industry are typically known as sex workers and might include street prostitutes, call girls, escorts, strippers, exotic dancers, lap dancers, phone sex operators, brothel workers, actors and actresses in pornographic films, models for pornographic magazines, dominatrices, and bodyworkers or erotic masseuses... |
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| Essay on Male to Female Transsexuals |
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| Male to Female Transsexuals Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Male-to-female (MTF) transsexual refers to biologically born males who identify as female or as a woman and who may seek to undergo or have undergone hormonal and/or surgical intervention(s) to align their external physical sex with their internal female gender identity. Conversely, female-to-male (FTM) transsexual refers to biologically born females who identify as males or as a man and seek to undergo or have undergone hormonal and/or surgical interventions to align their physical characteristics with their male gender identity. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV, the prevalence of MTF is approximately 1 in 30,000 whereas the prevalence... |
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| Free Essay on Sexuality and Sexual Preferences» |
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| Essay on Female to Male Transsexuals |
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| Female to Male Transsexuals Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Female-to-male (F2M, F-M, or FTM) transsexuals (sometimes called ''female-toward-male'' or ''female-to-male'') are female-born persons who suffer from intense, often painful feelings that their assigned sex does not match their actual gender (a condition called gender dysphoria and clinically diagnosed as gender identity disorder). As opposed to transvestites who habitually cross-dress, transsexuals live fulltime as men or women and may undergo sex-reassignment surgery (SRS) in order to transition from one sex to another. Transsexuals may also identify as transgender (an umbrella term coined in the 1970s to refer to multiple gender-bending identities). Some reserve the term... |
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| Essay on The Third Sex |
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| The Third Sex Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. The term third sex originated in the late nineteenth century among sexologists as a way to describe homosexual men and lesbians. It did not carry the moral or legal stigma of sodomite, and suggested an innate or biological factor existed in behaviors that fell outside traditional categories of male and female. However, it also conflated same-sex desire with gender variance. Karl Heinrich Ulrichs used the word Urning in the 1860s to describe a third sex male being who desired other men; Richard von Krafft-Ebing used the term sexual invert to describe a similar being in his 1886 Psychopathia Sexualis. Havelock Ellis and John Addington Symonds followed suit in their 1896 study, Sexual Inversion... |
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| Essay on Sexuality: Science, Research, and Understanding |
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| Sexuality: Science, Research, and Understanding Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Sexuality can refer to sexed beings, reproductive function, genital expression, a libidinal drive, the nature of sexual desire, or sexual identity. At one time it was assumed that all beings were sexually oriented toward heterosexual sexual behavior, thus the biological sex of a person was thought to indicate his or her sexuality. However, as homosexuality demonstrates, one's biological sex does not necessarily predict one's sexual behavior, nor does sexual behavior reflect biological sex. Thus, sexuality is understood in the early twenty-first century to refer only to sexual behavior and not to gender or biological sex (though these factors may influence it)... |
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| Essay on Sexual Perversion |
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| Sexual Perversion Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Sexual perversion is an old-fashioned diagnostic term that served as a label for sexual activities considered outside the norm of heterosexual sexual desire and activity. This norm was defined as coitus with a person of the opposite sex with the aim of achieving orgasm through genital penetration. Any other type of sexual activity, regardless of the sex of the participants, was traditionally considered perverse. Sexual perversion appears most famously in Richard von Krafft-Ebing's nineteenth-century medical textbook Psychopathia Sexualis, first published in German in 1886. There sexual perversion is defined as a disease of the sexual instinct, as opposed to sexual perversity... |
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| Essay on Freud's Views on Sexual Instinct |
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| Freud's Views on Sexual Instinct Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Other philosophers, such as Friedrich Nietzsche (1844- 1900), believed in a sexual instinct as a force operating in the human psyche, but it was Schopenhauer's ideas that influenced the thinking of Freud. Freud believed that the human psyche was a dynamic system comprised of conscious wishes, motivations, and actions, which were themselves influenced by unconscious desires and drives. Throughout his long career Freud would develop theories about how the unconscious relates to the conscious as well as how the unconscious is structured. He used these theories as the basis for treating patients suffering from various psychological disorders and symptoms. Early in his career, for example... |
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| Free Essay on Sigmund Freud and Psychoanalysis» |
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| Essay on Freud and the Psychoanalytic View on Sadism |
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| Freud and the Psychoanalytic View on Sadism Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. In his Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality (1905), Freud referred to Krafft-Ebing's writings and formed his own psychoanalytic theories around the general characteristics of sadism and masochism. Freud's discussion of sadism and masochism, like that of Krafft-Ebing, concludes that the two are ''the most common and the most significant of all the perversions'' (Freud 1963, p. 23). Sadism is instinctual and tied to a life-preserving aggression. Freud writes of this aggressive quality specifically in males as a natural, biologically determined, desire to subjugate, to quash the resistance of the sexual object and thus ensure coitus. Sadism is the exaggeration of such aggression to the point... |
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| Essay on Psychoanalysis: The Theories of Jacques Lacan |
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| Psychoanalysis: The Theories of Jacques Lacan Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Perhaps the most influential of Freud's followers, however, was Jacques Lacan (1901-1981), a French psychiatrist who took up Freud's ideas. Working with psychotic patients, Lacan reinterpreted Freud's work through the insights of philosophy and more contemporary theories of language. Lacan saw the individual as a flexive system that, inevitably suffering the trauma of separation from the fullness of its pre-Oedipal existence, develops language, desire, and drives as ways to fill in for the lackin-being precipitated by the inevitable recognition that one is separate and alone. Lacan used the analogy of the insight of individual separateness gained by seeing oneself... |
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| Essay on Psychoanalysis: Freud and His Followers |
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| Psychoanalysis: Freud and His Followers Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Freud, who began as a neurologist and studied with Charcot in Paris, offered what became the most far-reaching and influential model of psychic functioning. Beginning his studies with hysterical female patients, Freud developed a talking cure, in which patients talked to him, narrating dreams, feelings, and experiences. By listening to and analyzing how a patient related thoughts and feelings, the analyst could deduce what the repressed material was that produced symptoms. In The Interpretation of Dreams (1899), Freud suggested that dreams represent not only the expression of unconscious thoughts but also wish fulfillment, and that dream expressions follow specific rules--a dream grammar... |
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| Essay on Psychoanalysis before Freud |
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| Psychoanalysis before Freud Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Although Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) is probably the most famous as well as the most influential psychoanalyst, psychoanalysis as known in the early twenty-first century started a century before Freud began his work. In the late eighteenth century, Franz Anton Mesmer (1734-1815), a Viennese medical doctor, believed that individuals had what he called animal magnetism, which was quite literally a magnetic fluid in the body. If the fluid became disorganized, individuals suffered symptoms that could be cured by using magnets or the laying on of the physician's hands to realign the magnetic elements of the fluid. Mesmer believed that for healing to occur, patients needed to have an intense rapport... |
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| Essay on Sexual Surrogates in Therapy |
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| Sexual Surrogates in Therapy Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Sexual surrogate partners are women and men with professional training who function in place of an individual's nonexistent sexual partner in the course of sex therapy using a short-duration, delimited-boundaries, psychosocial/ behavioral therapy model. As specified in the code of ethics of the International Professional Surrogates Association (IPSA), typically a surrogate partner will work with a client who is simultaneously being seen by a therapist, who directs the therapy as one member of the therapeutic triad of the client, therapist, and surrogate. As such, the therapist and surrogate consult prior to the surrogate's work with the client, and again later, as the surrogate is able to bring insights... |
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| Free Essay on Theories, Concepts, and Ideas» |
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| Essay on Sexual Objects: Fetishism, Voyeurism, Pedophilia, and Necrophilia |
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| Sexual Objects: Fetishism, Voyeurism, Pedophilia, and Necrophilia Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. Psychiatrist Sigmund Freud, in Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality (1963 [1905]), coined the term sexual object, along with sexual aim, in order to discuss sexuality. According to Freud a sexual object is ''the person from whom sexual attraction proceeds,'' whereas sexual aim refers to ''the act toward which the instinct tends'' (Freud 1905, p. 1, 2). Thus, the sexual object of a heterosexual man could be a woman and his sexual aim could be the completion of intercourse by orgasm. Such an example is regarded by Freud as a basic norm, but he then expands on the many and varied types of sexual objects that range from the mundane to the bizarre... |
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| Essay on Sexual Literacy |
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| Sexual Literacy Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. In the mid-1960s, Rob and Laura Petrie, the husband and wife characters featured on The Dick Van Dyke Show, slept in separate single beds. Such were certainly not the sleeping arrangements of most American couples, but it was all that was allowed to be shown on network TV. Twenty years later, when Sexually Speaking began airing on WYNY-FM in New York, words such as penis, vagina, and orgasm were regularly featured, and not too long after making its debut in the Big Apple in 1981, the program began airing nationally on the NBC radio network, in effect signaling that the curtain the media had thrown over the topic of sex had finally begun to lift. At the beginning of the twenty-first century... |
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| Essay on Sexual Instinct |
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| Sexual Instinct Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. A sexual instinct is the innate drive to have sexual relations. In biological terms instincts are behaviors that occur as if natural and without teaching or model. They are species-specific practices for life and survival. How animals know, for example, what to eat or that they should migrate or hibernate for the winter, are instincts. That organisms seek sexual relations with one another is also an instinct believed to be founded on a compulsion to reproduce. German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) thought sexual instincts comprised a part of what he called human will. Psychologists such as Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) also tried to understand how the sexual instinct relates to the mental and emotional... |
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| Essay on Sexual Fantasies |
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| Sexual Fantasies Research Paper, Custom Essays and Term Papers Writing on Sex and Gender Issues. A sexual fantasy is an imagined sexual scene that intensifies emotional and physical excitement by helping people play out their most intense sexual desires, fears, or memories. Fantasies may remain as hidden impulses in the unconscious or be desires that are fully conscious and recognized. Some fantasies exist solely in the imagination, whereas others are incorporated into a person's actual sex life. Fantasies may determine one's preference for sexual partners or positions. They may play in the mind during sex to enhance an experience that is less stimulating than a fantasy. Fantasies often are assumed to be extraordinary scenes of socially prohibited behavior; however, their content ranges from the... |
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